After a short introduction, the exposition begins in measure 3, ending in the dominant key of D major in measure 88. Haydns Kaiser quartet was a product of the years after his triumphant London visits of 1791-92 and 1794-95. 8 III:8, Quartet No. 6 Its first movement mixes energetic high spirits, intricate counterpoint, and some harmonic adventures that foreshadow Schubert, who in 1797 was busy being born. 2 III:28, Quartet No. Put another way, David Francis Tovey states that the self-sufficiency of each part marks the emergence of the quartet from the matrix of the orchestra. The general consensus seems to be 69, although older authorities tend to cite 83. (The number was previously thought to be eighty-three, but this includes some arrangements and spurious works.) In measure 151, all strings crescendo to the returning sixteenth-note theme in measure 152. Swieten helped arrange for a prominent poet to write Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser (God Save Emperor Franz), to which Haydn composed an instant and enduring classic in 1797. 20, No. Yet, some Haydn experts doubt that an amateur, no matter how devoted, could have produced work of such quality. 103. The Quartet No. University of Western Ontario Music Library (CDN-Lu): Dedication 1: Mrs. Beckford 2: Mr. Rigby 3. Each instrument in turn introduces the solemn melody, while the other three instruments weave an increasingly intricate web around it. III:14, Quartet in G major, Op. All were on Columbia 78s, and now Rockport CDs. 62 in C major, Op. The fourth movement, in C minor and C major, is in sonata form. 4 9 in F major, Op. 76 No. 4, FHE No. String Quartets, Op.76 (Haydn, Joseph) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download String Quartets, Op.76 ( Haydn, Joseph) This page is only for complete editions and multiple selections from the collection here. The six String Quartets, Op. 10 In a reference to the falling perfect fifths at its start, it is known as the Fifths (or, in German, Quinten) quartet. This G major quartet is numbered variously as No. *#454964 - 3.03MB, 186 pp. The Quartet No. The third movement continues the first movements intriguing juxtaposition of major and minor, but is, rhythmically speaking, a fairly conventional minuet, which is a surprise coming from a composer who liked to stretch the minuet form beyond its dance origins. theme].[8]. 17 (Hungaroton 11382-83) and LP of Op. 0.0/10 0.0/10 10 *#472930 - 7.74MB, 62 pp. Haydn String Quartet No. 62, Op. 76 No. 3 "Emperor" (2nd mov) Veridis 54, No. 10 2, FHE No. 0.0/10 The second chord, sustained from bars 7579, is an F diminished seventh chord, resolving to G minor in measure 80, which signifies the return of trading moving sixteenth notes. The second movement, in G major cut time, is in strophic variation form, with the "Emperor's Hymn" as the theme. Hablas espaol? Indeed, they bear a strong resemblance to the orchestral nocturnes, cassations and divertimentos of the time and Haydn clearly did not think of them as forging a new genre. When published in 1799 and dedicated to him (thus their occasional reference as the "Erddy Quartets"), they first appeared in Vienna in two sets of three as Opp. Marc Vignal notes to the Mosaques Quartet CD set of Op. Consistent with the publishing custom of the time, nearly all of Haydn's quartets were released in sets of six, even though Haydn did not necessarily plan them as integral editions. 4, FHE No. 20, No. Unfortunately, few are available nowadays to document the evolution and variety of styles of the era, but the Schneider series has been restored to currency on the Vinyl Fatigue website. According to Keller, author of The Great Haydn Quartets, the composer quotes in a different key his own second movement from Op. (In the days before copyright, publishers often passed off amateur work as by famous compatriots.) 4 10 10 - While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 4 Period: Classical: Piece Style Classical: Instrumentation 2 violins, viola, cello Related Works The second movement is based on the song Das Kaiserlied. The string quartets of Joseph Haydn afford a unique opportunity in the annals of Western art to trace the development of a major genre from birth to maturity, and all within the output of a single artist. (-)- V/V/V - 235 - Carolus, Violin 1 (mono) 0.0/10 51 in G major, Op. 8 2, FHE No. 4 1, No. full of invention, fire, good taste, and new effects, and seem the production, not of a sublime genius who has written so much and so well already, but of one of highly-cultivated talents, who had expended none of his fire before. Electrical remakes of both were joined by Op 64 # 5 (the "Lark") and Op. Haydn - String Quartet, Op. 76, No. 3 - YouTube 10 14, Hoboken No. String Quartet in D minor, Hob.III:76 (Haydn, Joseph) Movements/Sections Mov'ts/Sec's: 4 movements . But the string quartet, using an array of two violins, one viola and one cello, demands far more. - 2, FHE No. 2 III:57, Quartet No. Emperor Quartet, byname of String Quartet in C Major, Op. Haydn's experimentation is perhaps at it greatest in the second movement, a "Fantasia" that takes the listener on a far-reaching tonal journey. Haydn aptly labels it "Cantabile e mesto" "singing and sad." 57 in C major, Op. *#476439 - 3.79MB, 27 pp. Unfortunately, both strands of evidence are not beyond questioning." The atmosphere overall is more relaxed than that of the D minor quartet. The specific sources for these are given at the end of this article.). While scholars may have been aware of the scope and excellence of Haydn's achievements, in the public mind during most of the pre-LP era he had written a dozen or so great symphonies, two oratorios and not much else of value, and so it is hardly surprising that recordings of his quartets were few and far between. 62 in C major, Op. 4, FHE No. - At the end of the finale, the chords finally turned back to the C major and responded the first to the third movement. Perhaps for the last reason, they became hugely popular, appealing alike to connoisseurs and unsophisticated listeners, the demand generating dozens of transcriptions and four further editions in two years and stimulating others (including Mozart) to write quartets of their own. Who knows, The first movement, Allegro Haydn used to set up an obvious theme at the beginning of the piece that ran through the first movement. (-)- V/V/V - 83 - IS, Viola (color) - 76, No. Betsy Schwarm is a music historian based in Colorado. During the 1990s, the Ttrai Quartet completed a cycle for Hungaroton. 76 No. Before Haydn, fewer composers were composing this type of genre. III:13, Quartet in C major, Op. At the time of the commission, Haydn was employed at the court of Prince Nicolaus Esterhzy II and was composing the oratorio The Creation as well as Princess Maria Hermenegild Esterhzy's annual mass. Others cite a number of isolated examples of instrumental works specifying two violins, a viola and a cello by Gregori Allegri (1582 - 1662), Franz Xavier Richter (1709-89) and others, all of which predate Haydn. The falling fifths motif dominates the exposition section and is featured heavily in the development section using inversion, stretto and other devices.[1]. Haydn String Quartet Op. 76 No. 2 Form Analysis - YouTube The presto finale begins where it seemingly should end with three insistent tonic cadences and then gallops off in unbounded joy broken only by occasional grand pauses, its frantic pace, sustained length and jagged phrasing as challenging for the players to maintain as for listeners to marvel at. [Pt. 2, FHE No. 64, No. ", Haydn: The Complete String Quartets Played on Period Instruments, Franz Joseph Haydn: Complete String Quartets (Box Set). The Quartet No. Thus, Marion Scott notes that the first notes of the first subject generate the melodic dimensions of an entire work, likening it to a seed that strikes roots, stems, leaves and flowers that grow until the plant is a mass of beauty. In this article, we discuss the nature of the string quartet, trace how it evolved through Haydn, examine each of the Opus 76 quartets, consider some important recordings and then list some sources of information. 64, No. 46, Hoboken No. Werthschule adds that the movement "is still sometimes played at funeral services, because this music not only sounds sad, it also gives comfort."[14]. Back in Vienna, Haydn mentioned to Baron von Swieten, Prefect of the Imperial Court Library and friend and patron to many composers, that while Napoleons France threatened the Austrian empire, it would be good to have something to rally patriotic hearts and spur military recruitment the way God Save the King did in England. 8 1799 in String Quartets, Op.76 (No.3) Dedication Prince Erdody Composer Time Period Comp. Try it today. 10 6 Joseph Haydn's String Quartets, Op. They are usually referred to by their opus numbers, not Anthony van Hoboken 's catalogue numbers or their publication order in the First Haydn Edition (FHE). 77, No. Haydn: String Quartet op.76 no.2, "Fifths" (movement 1): Score and Analysis 50, No. Istvan Barna notes to the Tatrai Quartet CD set of Op. III:65, Quartet No. Throughout this section, the dynamic gradually drops from forte to pianissimo by means of a poco a poco decrescendo. - III:41, Quartet No. 2 19, Hoboken No. 77 (Hungaroton SLPX 11776). Oddly enough, being the first to write a string quartet is not one . 12 in C major, Op. 60 in G major ("Jack-in-the-box"), Op. 50, No. In England he had been exposed to a newly emerging genre: the national anthem. - (-)- V/V/V - 273 - IS, Nos.1 to 3 Nowadays, though, all but a few of Haydn's genuine quartets are held in great esteem. 62 (arrangement of Cassation in D major, Hob. 18 in E major, Op. 1, No. (-)- V/V/V - 466 - Carolus, 4 more: Violin 1 (mono) Violin 2 (mono) Viola (mono) Cello (mono), Violin 1 (mono) 8 6 76 Quartets at Classicalnotes.net, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=String_Quartets,_Op._76_(Haydn)&oldid=1146803298, Articles needing additional references from January 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Webster, James. 33 quartets were highly influential, but perhaps their greatest impact was upon Mozart, who met Haydn in 1781 and performed with him. 5, FHE No. Haydn previously used a two-part canon with the lower string trailing the upper strings by a single bar in the minuet of his 44th Symphony. 44, Hoboken No. 10 20, 33, 64, 71/74 and 76 (Hungaroton 11332-33, 11887-88, 11838-39, 12246-47 and 12812-13) and the Festetics Quartet CD set of Op. 76 # 3 (the "Emperor"), plus the andante of Op. Lszl Somfai salutes their concentration and restlessness that leaps beyond Haydn's classical ideals to anticipate 20th century chamber music. 3, Movement. 3 Rather than re-typing this as a listening Log I refer you to the various pages of my learning log for my views and observations of Haydn's 'Emperor' quartet. Barrett-Ayres cites their luminous, translucent texture and jubilant finales, which he attributes to the influence of Mozart's early quartets. [12], "[It is] called the Graveyard Quartet because the second movement is often played at burials," writes Sonia Simmenauer in her book Must It Be? 10 0.0/10 String Quartets, Op.76 (Haydn, Joseph) - IMSLP The opening movement of the fifth, in D major, departs from the sonata form of the first four to what Robin Golding can only describe as "unorthodox variations," as it really seems to defy conventional formal analysis and thwarts expectations, even while suggesting an intensely human struggle. String Quartet in C, Op. III:34, Quartet No. 61, No. Named after Johann Tost, a violinist in the Esterhazy orchestra from 178389.[5]. 5, has been nicknamed the Largo and Friedhofsquartett (Graveyard-Quartet). They aren't just polished. III:68, Quartet No. (-)- V/V/V - 75 - IS, Complete Parts (mono) 5, Hoboken No. 2001 During the 1970s, the Aeolian Quartet recorded a complete cycle for Decca, which was then reissued in 2009. Geiringer attributes its "tone quality of ethereal beauty" in part to the key, which precludes the use of open strings by any of the players. PDF Program: Haydn( Patronage 1 Enlightenment February 18 3 0:85 Pm Bing He subsequently crafted a hymn to the words of Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser (God Save Emperor Franz) by Lorenz Leopold Haschka, and it served as an Austrian anthem for more than a century. [2] The sixteenth notes trade off to the 2nd violin, culminating in an all-instrument unison in measure 140. According to the English music historian Charles Burneywho was Haydns contemporarythese so-called Erddy quartets were. III:74, Quartet No. Part of the confusion arose from Haydn himself, who included a set of six quartets published as his Opus 3 both in a reprint of his quartets in 1802 and in a catalog of his life work he prepared in 1805, although he had omitted them in an earlier listing of his output. The other formal factor to notice is that the entire structure is an accumulation of the elements which have slowly entered the harmonic and contrapuntal scheme in the course of the variations and have become a natural part of the statement [i.e. 9 came in 1770. 68 in D minor, Op. Fascinating comparisons lie in the lighter, brilliant precision of a 1926 recording of Op. When the pianissimo is finally reached in measure 105, the retransition to the recapitulation begins, ending on the dominant seventh chord (F) of the original key, B major. 10 - They form the last complete set of string quartets that Haydn composed. 6 64, No. Griffiths notes that while Haydn's were carried forward by development, Mozart strove for balance and resolution, and of course they were suffused with his ineffable formal perfection and grace. Recently his quartets have been the subject of intensive research, resulting in new editions as well as historical and analytical studies of individual works. 6 Just before the recapitulation, the principal theme turns into a welcome-to-rural-Hungary folk dance (complete with droning bagpipes or hurdy-gurdies) in E major, then into a spooky little variation in E minor, which gives way, without the slightest regard for convention, to the original theme in the original C major. (-)- V/V/V - 280 - IS, Viola (mono) Heard today, the Pro Arte records amply reflect that view a fine balance between level-headed focus and incisive commitment, with just enough grace and a hint of playfulness to rise above the mundane, and some deeply heartfelt phrasing (especially in the Emperor andante) both a glance back at the romantic style of their predecessors and a salute to the devotion that the composer lavished on his work, while at the same time forcefully advocating the worth of these pieces for listeners of the future. 76, No. 2 in D minor 'Fifths' Haydn: String Quartet, Op. Although an integral set of the full run of Haydn quartets places the Op. 2 in D minor 'Fifths' Haydn: String Quartet, Op. 74, No. - *#581304 - 18.06MB, 18 pp. 32 in C major ("The Bird"), Op. 3, Hob. 76, No. Haydn - String Quartet, Op. Written at the request of Viennese aristocrat Joseph Erddy, the collection incorporates impressions from the composers London tours. 76 comprises one volume of #s 1-3 and another of #s 4-6). 10 8 Haydn, String Quartet in C Major, Op. 76, No. 3, Kaiser - earsense 4 Unusually, the different movements of the work do not explore different tonalities; rather, the alternate between D minor and major. 76 No. Badley goes on to say "The meagre bibliographical evidence has been painstakingly sifted and the works themselves subjected to every kind of analytical technique known to musicology. 9 (Hungaroton 12976-77). 6 in E flat major 8 Updates? 6 The tonic returns in measure 181, with a brief teaser of the staccato eighth-note theme, to be replaced by the sixteenth notes played by all instruments in the fortissimo dynamic. It's hard to go far wrong among them, perhaps because the very nature of the works inspires an extraordinary degree of enthusiasm, love and devotion among a wide swath of players. 2, FHE No. The trio section is more lyrical and features the first violin playing a Lndler while accompanied pizzicato. - III:79, Quartet No. 31 in B minor, Op. (-)- V/V/V - 451 - IS, Violin 2 (mono) In measure 7, the same instruments sustain a dominant seventh chord while the first violin again plays a rising solo on top. String Quartet in D minor, Hob.III:76 (Haydn, Joseph) 8 - As with the fifth, the final Op. 27, Hoboken No. Reginald Barrett-Ayres: notes to the Aeolian Quartet LP boxes of Opp. - 71, No. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 6 In the 1980s, Scott Fruehwald claimed to show that the quartets were not by Haydn, based on stylistic analysis..[3][4] He also concluded that only the first two quartets were by Hoffstetter. *#581305 - 16.15MB, 16 pp. 3, No. In 1922 the Weimar Republic adopted it and, despite its use by the Nazis, it remains the German national anthem. III:39, Quartet No. Violin II, viola, and cello sustain a tonic chord while the first violin plays the melody (the "sunrise" motif) on top. 2, FHE No. (-)- V/V/V - 395 - IS, Viola (color) 0.0/10 1, FHE No. 33 cycle with launching one of the first known professional string quartets, which toured them (and other works) for eight months in private homes and public concerts in a number of cities, thus spreading Haydn's growing celebrity yet further. 4 50, Hoboken No. 46 in F minor ("Razor"), Op. 4 Haydn: String Quartet, Op. The sea change came in 1932 when the Belgian Pro Arte Quartet (Alphonse Onnou, Laurent Halleux, Germain Prevost, Robert Maas) launched a series of HMV sets of 78s, each with nearly an hour's worth of music on seven records containing three or four Haydn quartets (now available in the original configurations on Pristine Audio or combined into two Testament four-CD sets). Hughes credits them with effortless fluency, and Griffiths hears in them the first full pervasive flowering of Haydn's trademark wit, culminating in surprises such as the end of Op. *#476400 - 1.63MB, 13 pp. Haydn always loved it. Significantly, the compositions are labeled in his manuscripts as "notturni" and in his thematic catalog initially as "cassatio" and later as "divertimenti a quarto." 60, No. 72, Hoboken No. Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) String Quartet in B-flat major, Op. 76 quartets, where works of vastly contrasting atmospheres are placed side by side. BBC Music Magazine, May 2021, Release Date: 5th Mar 2021 Catalogue No: BIS2358 Label: BIS Length: 59 minutes Record Review 6th February 2021 Record of the Week 40 (in the First Haydn Edition (FHE) and No. 2 The cello created an awe-inspiring air with the semiquavers of the violins. 33, No. 17, No. The freedom and diversity that mark Haydn's style are everywhere evident in the Op. 43 in G major, Op. 9, No. 76, No. 10 Opus 1 (1762-64) [1] Because of its Presto tempo, the third movement, a Menuetto, takes on the character of a genuine scherzo with a feel of one beat per measure. 76 quartet. *#476421 - 2.13MB, 15 pp. Both the Buchberger and Kodaly complete cycles are available in deeply discounted boxes, which make both storage and economic sense if you plan to get more than a few (although mixing and matching for the sake of variety makes sense as well). - Notably, in light of Haydn's letter noted above, which assumed renewed significance on the eve of World War II, the review alluded to "the sanity of Haydn's music. 2 6, FHE No. 40 in F major ("Dream"), Op. 4 0.0/10 76 are frequently and justly described as Haydn's greatest works in the genre. 4). Unlike previous movements, the finale with the minor chord had been delivering the turbulence. A few months after composing the anthem, Haydn made it the centerpiece of one of his boldest and brightest quartets. Germany adopted Hoffmanns text and Haydns melody after Austria had abandoned its anthem in favour of another. - III:24, Quartet No. 76 (ASV DCA 1077). (-)- V/V/V - 161 - IS, Cello (mono) While the vast majority of these are no longer available, record catalogs of the time list 78 sets by the Calvert, Capet, International, Poltronier, Prisca, Rich Queling, Roth and Wendling Quartets and LPs by the Amadeus, Baroque, Borchet, Budapest, Galimar, Griller, Hollywood, Hungarian, Italian, Koeckert and Vienna Kozerthaus Quartets, plus an extensive series by the Schneider Quartet (Alexander Schneider, Isador Cohen, Karen Tuttle, Hermann Busch) for the Haydn Society. III:75, Quartet No. *#476418 - 1.90MB, 13 pp. As an indication of Haydn's lack of renown at the time and the consequent presumed financial risk, the project was undertaken by a Haydn Quartet Society, which sputtered after the fifth release in 1935, but by 1938 had issued eight volumes with 27 quartets (plus two of Hoffstetter's), but included only two of Op. (-)- V/V/V - 74 - IS, Viola (color) 0.0/10 String Quartets (6), Op. 76, H. | Details | AllMusic 76, No. 33, No. - *#472937 - 18.25MB, 130 pp. 6 8 6, consists of four movements: The string quartet departs from common string quartet norms of his time including innovations such as changing time signatures, impromptu like themes and breaking traditional forms such as sonata form and binary forms and quoting an entire theme from another string quartet. - 2 Indeed, the two basic motifs are identical aside from the difference in key signature: the first violin begins on the note of the key in each, goes down a half step, and returns to the original note in both movements, all under a slur in 34 time. 33 # 2 in broken phrases, 4 bars of silence and a final whimper. Charles Burney wrote to Haydn praising these innovations:[3]. 2 It spells unbelievable peace to be able to leave this mad world, if only for a while, and recover in these inspired pages the work of a man who had faith a sense of proportion, a sense of certainty that all will be well, however dark the present outlook be." "), Op. 3, No. 2 2 Luckily, I had already enjoyed the noontime musical under that splendid dome last November. Because of the importance of B minor in the work and the slow movement's key of F sharp major, this quartet may be the first example of a work built around keys related by a third. For arrangements, new editions, etc. exhibits registral procedures that are characteristic of Haydn's string quartets as a whole.21 The work begins, however, in a manner uncharacteristic of Haydn and of mid-century string quartets, with each part in a low register (Ex. 4 4 4 in B flat major 'Sunrise' Haydn: String Quartet, Op. At the outset, we should note that few performers of the Haydn quartets bother mentioning whether they use period instruments, and with good reason it hardly matters, since even modern ensembles prize the fabulous string instruments made in Italy by Stradivari, Guarneri del Gesu, Amati and others generations before Haydn and aspire to play the surviving originals, as their gorgeous tone has never been matched, despite all the "progress" and "improvements" in instrument construction since then. - - Beginning in the following measure, the viola, and two violins pass each other the opening sunrise motif for a measure at a time, while the remaining instruments sustain chords. 3, No. *#476444 - 3.18MB, 39 pp. 76 quartets is No. 8 (-)- V/V/V - 683 - IS, Violin 2 (color) The next dozen, published as Opp. 3, however: the 'Emperor' quartet with its second movement: a set of variations on the 'Kaiserlied' which Haydn had recently composed to the greater glory of the Austrian Emperor Franz II. 8 After this astounding outburst of discovery and excellence, Haydn wrote no further quartets for nine years. The melody is in the form AABCC but the movement itself is in the style of theme and variations. 69 (spurious), Hoboken No. 2, FHE No. The first chord, sustained from bars 6972, is a D minor chord, the relative minor of the dominant, F major. Several modern commentators note that structurally they resemble suites, with the five traditional movements (allegro, minuet, adagio, another minuet, presto finale), all in major keys (except minuet trios), melodies characteristic of Austrian folksongs, much two-part harmony (often by doubling the two violins and viola/cello parts), imitative filler phrases of ascending and descending figures, and dominant violins whose occasional dialogues recall trio sonatas. After this, the opening theme returns again, with the solo line beginning with the cello and moving up through the viola to the 2nd violin. 6 That the second theme of the movement is an inversion of the "Sunrise" theme seems to have gone unnoticed by the christener. 38, Hoboken No. In measure 37, the opening sunrise theme returns, this time with the solo in the cello and the sustained chords in the violins and viola. 25 in C major, Op. 3, string quartet in four movements by Austrian composer Joseph Haydn that provided the melody for the national anthems of both Austria (1797-1918) and Germany (beginning in 1922). - 23, Hoboken No. 5, FHE No. 6 13 in G major, Op. String Quartet in C major, Hob.III:77 (Haydn, Joseph) 64 includes the thoroughly delightful "Lark" Quartet, which was the most popular of Haydn's "early" quartets and thus played a crucial role in apprising concert-goers and record buyers of the vast world that preceded the widely-acknowledged final masterpieces. 76 set, boasts finely graded dynamics and tempo variation within a warm acoustic and a wide stereo soundstage that enables listeners to trace the individual instrumental lines, an important consideration where, as here, the players opt for a well-blended sonority. 37 in C major, Op. *#581303 - 22.96MB, 23 pp. 4, is nicknamed Sunrise due to the rising theme over sustained chords that begins the quartet. 6 13, Hoboken No. 22 in G major, Op. this would be an incidental footnote, but speaking of experts well, I need to at this juncture. ", The fourth quartet, in B-flat major, is the "Sunrise,". 8 III:26, Quartet No. Laszlo Somfai notes to the Tatrai Quartet CD sets of Opp. This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 20:15. 22, Hoboken No. [7] The minuet is actually a two-part canon: the two violins play (in parallel octaves) above the viola and cello (also playing in parallel octaves) who follow one measure behind the violins. The first complete set was made by the Ttrai Quartet for Hungaroton from 1964 to 1984 and issued as a boxed set in 2000. 0.0/10 Robin Golding notes to the Lindsay Quartet CD set of Op. 41, Hoboken No. 76 Chiaroscuro Quartet The Chiaroscuros return, armed with a perfect sound balance and rich, vibrant textures from each player. I had it all arrange to be back to Palais Garnier for their piano and string concert first time this year. 76 (Astre E 8665). 55, Hoboken No. String Quartet in C, Op. 76, No. 3, "Emperor" (Joseph Haydn) 6 76 No. 6 But despite all the scholarship, influence and devotion his quartets have attracted, perhaps Haydn had had his last say in an 1802 letter, cited by Geiringer, that he had written to admirers in Bergen, Germany, who had put together an amateur performance of his "Seasons" oratorio and who had conveyed their gratitude for his art: If any tangible measure of Haydn's success in revitalizing "the weary and worn" with "a few moments' rest and refreshment" be needed, surely it lies in the generally superb quality of recordings of his quartets.
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