[151][152] The German High Command informed Paulus, "Every day that the army holds out longer helps the whole front and draws away the Russian divisions from it. The inscription on the memorial wall reads: In this house, the feat of war and labor merged into one., Pingback: Gerhardt's Mill - Stalingrad WW2 Monument. : 109,000 Romanians casualties (from November 1942 to December 1942), included 70,000 captured or missing. [78] Both objectives were retaken, but only temporarily. North of the Dolgiy and Krutoy ravines, near the oil tanks, a fierce exchange of fire was heard - the sailors from the 284th Rifle Division retook from the Germans the burning Oil Syndicate and Metalware Plant. This resulted in a very thin line, with some sectors where 12km (0.621.24mi) stretches were being defended by a single platoon (platoons typically have around 20 to 50 men). On 2 February 1943, the German 6th Army, having exhausted their ammunition and food, finally capitulated after over five months of fighting, making it the first of Hitler's field armies to surrender during World War II. The film is the second German movie to portray the Battle of Stalingrad. Marshal V. Chuikov said in his memoirs: This small group, defending one house, destroyed the enemy soldiers more than the Nazis lost in the capture of Paris. 4,341 tanks (~150 by Romanians) (2530% were total write-offs. In the area of the 9th January Square, the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division defended The regiment commander, Colonel Yelin, instructed Captain Zhukov to carry out an operation to seize two important residential buildings. "Stalingrad anniversary: 70 years on, Russian city still gives up its WWII dead", "Russia marks 70th anniversary of Stalingrad battle", https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqFo-TswRss, Enemy at the Gates: The Battle for Stalingrad, "Stalinqrad dy: tarixin n qanl sava v II dnya mharibsind sasl dnn balanc", Stalingrad battle Newsreels // Net-Film Newsreels and Documentary Films Archive, Story of the Stalingrad battle with pictures, maps, video and other primary and secondary sources, Volgograd State Panoramic Museum official homepage, The Battle of Stalingrad in Film and History, Stalingrad-info.com, Russian archival docs translated into English, original battle maps, aerial photos, pictures taken at the battlefields, relics collection, H-Museum: Stalingrad/Volgograd 19432003. But the approach of the main body of soldiers was blocked by unsuppressed German firing points from the flanks, from the neighboring "L-shaped house" and other buildings. From the Soviet bridgehead at Mamon, 15 divisions supported by at least 100 tanks attacked the Italian Cosseria and Ravenna Divisions, and although outnumbered 9 to 1, the Italians initially fought well, with the Germans praising the quality of the Italian defenders,[146] but on 19 December, with the Italian lines disintegrating, ARMIR headquarters ordered the battered divisions to withdraw to new lines. The battle for Stalingrad devolved into a desperate street-by . Gerhardt's Mill (Russian: ) is a building of historical significance in the Battle of Stalingrad. The attached the 685th Rifle Regiment advanced towards the January 9 square and school No. [117], Recognising that German troops were ill-prepared for offensive operations during the winter of 1942 and that most of them were redeployed elsewhere on the southern sector of the Eastern Front, the Stavka decided to conduct a number of offensive operations between 19 November 1942 and 2 February 1943. ISBN: 9781472135216. For several days the Germans managed to secure themselves: in the ruins not only machine guns were equipped, but also positions of small-caliber guns, and along the walls barbed wire was strung. By 12 September, at the time of their retreat into the city, the Soviet 62nd Army had been reduced to 90 tanks, 700 mortars and just 20,000 personnel. The Germans called this unseen urban warfare Rattenkrieg ("Rat War"),[84] and bitterly joked about capturing the kitchen but still fighting for the living room and the bedroom. In battle, the commander and commissar of the 2nd Battalion were killed. "As quick as lightning, the Panzergrenadiers jumped from their wagons. Romanian forces destroyed 62 Soviet tanks on 20 November for the cost of 25 tanks of their own, followed by 65 more Soviet tanks on 22 November, for the cost of 10 tanks of their own. [163] When interrogated by the Soviets, Paulus claimed that he had not surrendered. The true events that took place in the autumn of 1942 on the 9 January Square and a narrow strip along the bank of the Volga in the city center have been gradually erased from memory. He and the German shot simultaneously; both missed, but ricochet from the enemy bullet still reached its target. On 5 September, the Soviet 24th and 66th Armies organized a massive attack against XIV Panzer Corps. These belonged mostly to the other two divisions of the 6th Army between the Italian and Romanian armies: the 62nd and 298th Infantry Divisions. A soldier prepares to throw a grenade. The VVS bases in the immediate area lost 201 aircraft between 23 and 31 August, and despite meagre reinforcements of some 100 aircraft in August, it was left with just 192 serviceable aircraft, 57 of which were fighters. Chuikov, in a clear order, forbade offensive operations by whole units - companies or battalions - which would result in heavy losses. According to Zhukov, "German operational blunders were aggravated by poor intelligence: they failed to spot preparations for the major counter-offensive near Stalingrad where there were 10 field, 1 tank and 4 air armies. Further, in the shadow of the legend there were much more significant episodes in the battle for Stalingrad - the surname of only one person has remained in history, leaving the names of others in obscurity. Toe hold. The 25-year-old junior sergeant chose three soldiers from his section, - VS. Glushchenko, A.P. Part 2: The Fight for Stalingrad's Factory District-14 October18 November 1942", "The Battle Of Stalingrad Involved 2.2 Million People One Of The Biggest Battles In History", "Heeresarzt 10-Day Casualty Reports per Army/Army Group, 1942", Leavenworth Papers No. 6 and a five-story building of a military exchange. The Soviets built up a large number of artillery batteries on the east bank of the Volga. From September 27, the second assault began; the main events and military operations moved to working settlements north of Mamayev Kurgan. Germany's Sixth Army had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered. Many members of the house's garrison were killed and wounded whilst assaulting the German held "Milk House" on 26 November.[3]. The outcome of the airlift was the Luftwaffe's failure to provide its transport units with the tools they needed to maintain an adequate count of operational aircraft tools that included airfield facilities, supplies, manpower, and even aircraft suited to the prevailing conditions. According to the author of the article, this series of photos of Zelma is a kind of reconstruction of the combat operations of the 13th Guards Rifle Division and was shot after the end of the battles, in the spring of 1943. Stalin rushed all available troops to the east bank of the Volga, some from as far away as Siberia. The northern cauldron consisted of the XIth Corps, the central with the VIIIth and LIst Corps, and the southern with the XIVth Panzer Corps and IVth Corps "without units". "[150], The Red Army High Command sent three envoys while simultaneously aircraft and loudspeakers announced terms of capitulation on 7 January 1943. F. Pavlov was the commander of the assault group that seized the building, and the defense was led by senior lieutenant IF Afanasyev. For both Stalin and Hitler, Stalingrad became a matter of prestige far beyond its strategic significance. What were the losses of the Germans in numerical terms, the sources do not report; and it is unlikely that information on losses at this point could be highlighted in the German reports. In the early parts of the operation, fuel was shipped at a higher priority than food and ammunition because of a belief that there would be a breakout from the city. Stalingrad is a 1993 German anti-war film directed by Joseph Vilsmaier. Anyway, it was Zhukov, having designated a new landmark for the artillerymen as "Pavlov's House", who laid the first stone in the foundation of the legend. Sgt. Stalingrad (1993) HD quality, English Subtitles Bronne Bruzgo 1.81K subscribers Subscribe 15K Share Save 899K views 2 years ago An HD version of the 1993 cult classic, with updated subs for. Joseph Beyrle Williamovich Most Incredible Real WW2 History? However, the participants themselves - fighters and commanders of the 13th Guards Rifle Division - attached much more importance to these events than the notorious legend. The aim was to win as much time as possible to withdraw forces from the Caucasus (Army Group A) and to rush troops from other Fronts to form a new front that would be able in some measure to check our counter-offensive. Both sides began to attach propaganda value to the city, which bore the name of the Soviet leader meaning that the capture of the city would have been a great ideological victory for the Reich. Some German holdouts continued to operate in the city and resist until early March 1943. The German soldiers who had hidden themselves in huts and trenches offered armed resistance after combat actions had already ended. [105], Fighting raged inside the Barrikady Factory until the end of October. Stalingrad battle On September 27, 1942, as a result of bombing by German aircraft, the architect of the house, Sergei Voloshinov, and his pregnant wife were killed . [12], The last member of Pavlov's group, Kamoljon Turgunov from Turakurgan District, Namangan Region, Uzbekistan died on 16 March 2015, aged 93. [111], The Soviet bomber force, the Aviatsiya Dal'nego Deystviya (Long Range Aviation; ADD), having taken crippling losses over the past 18 months, was restricted to flying at night. One more push in the factory area would see the end of . The Stalingrad Tractor Factory continued to turn out T-34 tanks up until German troops burst into the plant. [145], On 16 December, the Soviets launched Operation Little Saturn, which attempted to punch through the Axis army (mainly Italians) on the Don. Suffering losses, the group retreated again. Paulus refused, concerned about the Red Army attacks on the flank of Army Group Don and Army Group B in their advance on Rostov-on-Don, "an early abandonment" of Stalingrad "would result in the destruction of Army Group A in the Caucasus", and the fact that his 6th Army tanks only had fuel for a 30km advance towards Hoth's spearhead, a futile effort if they did not receive assurance of resupply by air. [132] Manstein was tasked to conduct a relief operation, named Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) against Stalingrad, which he thought was feasible if the 6th Army was temporarily supplied through the air. As General Chuikov acknowledged, "Remembering the defence of Stalingrad, I can't overlook the very important question about the role of women in war, in the rear, but also at the front. In autumn, the Soviet generals Georgy Zhukov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky, responsible for strategic planning in the Stalingrad area, concentrated forces in the steppes to the north and south of the city. When asked by Hitler, Gring replied, after being convinced by Hans Jeschonnek,[135] that the Luftwaffe could supply the 6th Army with an "air bridge". Chekhov, with a gut wound, was literally forcibly transferred to a hospital on the right bank, but a few days later the sergeant reappeared at the regiment's positions and knocked off three more Germans by himself. 227 ("Not a step back!") This house were not so far from Pavlov's house, in this house were command HQ under which command were troops defending Pavlov's house. The Soviets flew 11,317 night sorties over Stalingrad and the Don-bend sector between 17 July and 19 November. The 62nd Army had been cut in two and, due to intensive air attack on its supply ferries, was receiving much less material support. This left only the LVII Panzer Corps around Kotelnikovo, supported by the rest of Hoth's very mixed Fourth Panzer Army, to relieve Paulus's trapped divisions. During the defense of Pavlovs house (from September 23 to November 25, 1942), there were civilians in the basement until the Soviet troops launched a counterattack. This armed resistance continued until 15 February and in a few areas until 20 February. In correspondence with fellow soldiers, the battalion commander asserted that Pavlov had seized his "house" without a fight - the Germans in the building simply did not exist, as in the neighboring Zabolotny House. At this moment, Pavlov took a fateful decision - not only to explore the house, but also to try to seize it. These factors, taken together, prevented the Luftwaffe from effectively employing the full potential of its transport forces, ensuring that they were unable to deliver the quantity of supplies needed to sustain the 6th Army.[140]. These two buildings will play an important role in the defense of the 9th January Square. The Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division, assigned to counterattack at the Mamayev Kurgan and at Railway Station No. [78] By the following evening, the 13th Guards Rifle Division had ceased to exist. Orlyankin, with a real risk of catching a bullet - the position of the Germans was a hundred meters of open space away on Solnechnaya street. These pictures are present in every book, article and publication about the epic battle, but practically no one knows what exactly is depicted in them. By that time the buildings had repeatedly changed hands, but on September 22 they were again captured by the Germans. The inability of the German blitzkrieg to make headway against such grinding and self-sacrificial attrition warfare made the failure to capture Pavlov's House (despite numerous attempts) stand out as a symbol of resistance against a supposedly superior force. If only a narrow link could be established to Sixth Army, he proposed that this should be used to pull it out from the encirclement, and said that the Luftwaffe should instead of supplies deliver only enough ammunition and fuel for a breakout attempt. In the turmoil of the battle, dodging from crater to crater, the four fighters crossed the distance from the military exchange houses to the four-story building and disappeared into the aperture of the entrance. [citation needed]. The headquarters of the Rodimtsev division was very fortunate that one of the copies of the map from which the blueprint was made was available to them - staff officers of many of the units of the 62nd Army drew the schematics literally "on their knees". "[50] The battle earned him one of his two Hero of the Soviet Union awards. By the end of August, Army Group South (B) had finally reached the Volga, north of Stalingrad. The military political instructor wanted to wring capital writers necks, but they not only reassured him, but also persuaded him to publish his article in the central newspaper. Arte documentary. This slowed the German advance and reduced the effectiveness of the German advantage in supporting fire. From the OP actions of the small group were observed by battalion commander Zhukov, who earlier received orders from the regiment to seize the house in the square.Their group supported the whole regiment with machine-gun and mortar fire, then their neighbors on the right and left joined. Before Operation Uranus, the 1st Romanian Armoured Division consisted of 121 R-2 light tanks and 19 German-produced tanks (Panzer III and IV). From that moment, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev began to command the defense of the building. The destroyed wall of the plant is visible at the top of the cliff. A handful of senior officers were taken to Moscow and used for propaganda purposes, and some of them joined the National Committee for a Free Germany. Lieutenant General Alexander Rodimtsev was in charge of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, and received one of two Heroes of the Soviet Union awarded during the battle for his actions. Alexandrov, N.Ya. By the end of October the enemy had almost completely occupied the "Barricades" and "Red October" factories. [189] He remained in the Soviet Union until 1952, then moved to Dresden in East Germany, where he spent the remainder of his days defending his actions at Stalingrad and was quoted as saying that Communism was the best hope for postwar Europe. Poor weather prevented effective air action against the Soviet offensive. Paulus chose the grain elevator and silos as the symbol of Stalingrad for a patch he was having designed to commemorate the battle after a German victory. According to Marshall Chuikov, during this time Pavlov's group killed more Germans than they lost during the capture of Paris, and General Rodimtsev wrote that this ordinary Stalingrad four-story was labeled on the personal map of Paulus as a fortress. The Soviets did not bother employing tanks in areas where urban destruction restricted their mobility. [citation needed], Vasily Chuikov, commanding general of the Soviet forces in Stalingrad, later joked that the Germans lost more men trying to take Pavlov's House than they did taking Paris.[9][10]. The official restoration of the house began on June 9, 1943. Yes, we felt better. [97] Women were also snipers at Stalingrad. [127] Hence Army Group A was never used to help relieve the Sixth Army. But memories of the fighting, 75 years ago this year, are strong . It consisted of two Romanian cavalry divisions and the 23rd Panzer Division, which mustered no more than thirty serviceable tanks. Manstein now saw the enormous technical difficulties of a supply by air of these dimensions. Much of the city was smashed to rubble, although some factories continued production while workers joined in the fighting. The battle started with the South Western Front. Another advance to the river south of the city followed, while the Soviets abandoned their Rossoshka position for the inner defensive ring west of Stalingrad. Though initially successful, the German attacks stalled in the face of Soviet reinforcements brought in from across the Volga. [197], Regardless of the strategic implications, there is little doubt about Stalingrad's symbolism. Blau finally opened as Army Group South began its attack into southern Russia on 28 June 1942. These tanks, unpainted and lacking gun-sights, were driven directly from the factory floor to the front line. There was an overwhelming surge in confidence and belief in victory. Army Group South was selected for a sprint forward through the southern Russian steppes into the Caucasus to capture the vital Soviet oil fields there. [167] Four Soviet armies were deployed against the northern pocket. "[118], During the siege, the German and allied Italian, Hungarian, and Romanian armies protecting Army Group B's north and south flanks had pressed their headquarters for support. The next day he made a six-page situation report to the general staff. During October, while the 13th Guards Rifle Division tried to improve its position on the bridgehead, north of the Mamayev Kurgan commander-in-chief Chuikov suffered defeat after defeat. The fate of the division was hanging by a thread. "[46], The Germans formed bridgeheads across the Don on 20 August, with the 295th and 76th Infantry Divisions enabling the XIVth Panzer Corps "to thrust to the Volga north of Stalingrad." It took a few more days for them to prepare for the most savage offensive of all, which was unleashed on 14 October. [89], Richard Overy addresses the question of just how important the Red Army's coercive methods were to the Soviet war effort compared with other motivational factors such as hatred for the enemy. Machine-Gewehr Bataillon (mot), Stalingrad Battle Data Project: order of battle, strength returns, interactive map, Stalingrad documentaries by the Army University Press, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Stalingrad&oldid=1150557110, Battles of World War II involving Romania, Battles and operations of the SovietGerman War, Battles of World War II involving Hungary, Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II, World War II aerial operations and battles of the Eastern Front, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2021, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Expulsion of the Axis from the Caucasus, reversing their gains from the, 744 aircraft; 1,666 tanks; 5,762 guns captured. After shooting the last shells, crews under the command of Gregory Bric jumped on the Germans who were taken aback by the bayonet attack. Location of army's units is as it was previously. In this first photo from the "killed" series, the fighter in the lower right corner is still "alive". To support the offensive, a sapper battalion arrived from the commander of the engineering troops of the 6th Army, Max von Stiotta ( Max Edler von Stiotta ). A common saying was: "You cannot stop an army which has done Stalingrad." Window openings were laid brick and embrasures made their way through the walls. The small bridgehead of the 13th Guards Rifle Division in the end turned out to be away from the main events, literally in the backyard of the epochal battle for Stalingrad. If Stalingrad is one of the most significant symbols of the Great Patriotic War, then Pavlov's House is the cornerstone of thatsymbol. [184], The bombing campaign and five months of fighting in the city had utterly destroyed 99% of the city, with the city being nothing more than a heap of rubble.[185].
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