With the help of various scholarships, Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, entering in 1570 and taking his M.A. For instance, the English people think that their worst enemy is Spain. Until after the death of his wife in 1597, little is heard of any geographical work, but he then completed the greatly enlarged second edition of the Voyages, which appeared in three volumes between 1598 and 1600. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. . . The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queens Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by In accordance with the instructions of Secretary Francis Walsingham, he occupied himself chiefly in collecting information of the Spanish and French movements, and "making diligent inquirie of such things as might yield any light unto our westerne discoveries in America. In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. [14], Hakluyt was also a leading adventurer of the Charter of the Virginia Company of London as a director thereof in 1589. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. 8". Hakluyt was concerned with the activities of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher, who were both searching for a passage to the East; was consulting Abraham Ortelius, compiler of the worlds first atlas, and Gerardus Mercator, the Flemish mapmaker, on cosmographical problems; and was gaining approval for future overseas exploration from such politically prominent men as Lord Burghley, Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil. A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. Firstly, his geographical studies were useful to merchants and explorers as guides to America. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the end, leave England. But it is the Voyages that remains his memorial. the Newfound Landes (London, 1583), in The . In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. 12 (11thed.). "[21], Hakluyt prepared an English translation of Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum (1609),[22] a treatise that sought to demonstrate that the Dutch had the right to trade freely in the East Indies, contrary to Spanish and Portuguese claims of sovereignty over the seas,[23] in the early 17th century. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616) No account of Elizabethan exploration is complete without mentioning Hakluyt. "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. Exploration, American Beginnings: 1492-1690, Primary Resources in U.S Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. It will also propel the opening of new markets. [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. 2. Colliding Cultures | THE AMERICAN YAWP His medieval polemic concern becomes clearer when he mentions non-Christians who need to be defeated. Nor did his belief in the possibility of Arctic passages to the East fade, for he was also a charter member of the Northwest Passage Company of 1612. Proponent for colonization in the Americas- tried to lobby Queen Elizabeth to support colonization. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. Jan has taught history at the university level. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC - YUMPU The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. He also translated numerous works on the subject into English. About this time he married Duglesse Cavendish, a relative of Thomas Cavendish, the circumnavigator, and was appointed to the parish of Wetheringsett in Suffolk. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He carefully explores economic concerns and articulates a number of issues towards colonization. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/, IvyPanda. In Paris, Hakluyt also edited an edition of the De Orbe Novo of Pietro Martire dAnghiera so that his countrymen might have knowledge of the early successes and failures of the Spaniards in the New World. [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. How does inter-European rivalry figures into this text? pp. He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. [10] These religious occupations have occasioned reconsideration of the role played by spiritual concerns in Hakluyt's writings on exploration, settlement, and England's relations with its Catholic rivals. He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians Missionaries, most of whom were members of the Franciscan religious order, provided Spain with an advance guard in North America. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589-1600). PDF A Discourse Concerning Western Planting Richard Hakluyt (1584) Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. For the full article, see Richard Hakluyt . In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox, Europeans and Natives in British and Spanish America, The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently, Solar System Colonization in Science Fiction vs. English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." EN. We utilize security vendors that protect and The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. Settlement and Economic Development: The Colonies to 1763 (Overview) Richard Hakluyt lived during the Age of Exploration when opportunities were opening for European countries to explore unknown lands. IvyPanda. [24] Helen Thornton has suggested that the translation was commissioned by Thomas Smythe who became treasurer of the Virginia Company in 1609 and was also Governor of the East India Company. Discourse Concerning Western Planting - Wikipedia His father died when Richard was five years old, leaving his family to the care of a cousin, another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer who had many friends among prominent city merchants, geographers, and explorers of the day. Richard Hakluyt, Chicken Little, and the Ends of Atlantic History While in Oxford, Hakluyt worked with foremost geographers such as Abraham Ortelius and Gerardus Mercator. What arguments does Hakluyt present in making a case for colonization? In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Hakluyt justifies the latter by claiming that colonization will limit the spread and expansion of the Spanish territory and subsequently jeopardize the interests of England. The burial register merely states that Hakluyt was buried "in the Abbey" without giving an exact location, and there is no monument or gravestone: personal e-mail communication on 10 May 2007 with Miss Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Muniments, Westminster Abbey Library. [23][26] Hakluyt's handwritten manuscript, MS Petyt 529, in Inner Temple Library in London was eventually published as The Free Sea for the first time in 2004. He was fascinated by voyages being made to far-off lands. After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. who was a lawyer and also an advocate of English colonization. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil.
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