Several factors influenced slaves timing of the rebellion, including a suspicious visit to Charleston by a priest who contemporaries thought was employed by the Spaniards to procure a general Insurrection of the Negroes, a yellow fever epidemic that swept the area in August and September, and rumors of war between Spain and England. Henretta, J. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-really-happened-at-stono-rebellion-45410 (accessed May 1, 2023). Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Masters were not to work slaves on the Sabbath; they had to provide slaves with adequate food and clothing and could not murder them. The Stono Rebellion reminded whites that although they had successfully discovered conspiracies in 1714 and 1720, not all plots could be detected. Martins., pg 84. This rebellion was very significant because it established resentment against British domination and increased tension between colonists and the British. Which of the following could be considered an immediate reaction to the Stono Rebellion and the rising fears of a slave uprising? What year did the Stono Rebellion take place? 4. It was the largest slave rebellion in the Southern Colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed. Designed to regulate more closely the activities of slaves and free blacks, the Act restricted the manumission of slaves and mandated patrol service for militiamen. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Under this act, enslavers were allowed to kill any rebellious slaves. What was so remarkable about the Stono Rebellion? "Stono Rebellion You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The excerpt provided can best be understood in the context of, Governor Bulls Letter to the Royal Council: https://digital.scetv.org/teachingAmerhistory/lessons/GovBullLetter.htm, A Commons House of Assembly Committee Report: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1h312t.html. Fifty-five men, women, and children were killed, and enslaved blacks were freed on multiple plantations in Southampton County, Virginia, as Turner and his fellow rebels attacked the white institution of plantation slavery. The Stono Rebellion. It stunned the white South Carolinian plantation owners. The planters allowed others to return to their plantations and await their fate. One of the most notable. Why was the Stono Rebellion so important? Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on Sept. 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, S.C. Slaves gathered, raided a firearms shop, and headed south, killing more than 20 white people as they went. But Stono was the catalyst. In the coming weeks, patrols roamed the countryside in a fierce manhunt to capture the runaways. On November 8, 1739 the South Carolina General Assembly appointed a committee to consider how to safeguard against future insurrections. Turning southward, they reached a tavern before sunup, sparing the innkeeper because they considered him "a good man and kind to his slaves" but killing his neighbors (Wood, p. 315). Slaves who had protected their masters during the rebels march received gifts of money and clothing. What allowed enslaved workers to complete their assignments daily and then have time to themselves? The slave revolt was unsuccessful, and it ended up making things worse for slaves in the colony. The largest and most significant slave rebellion in the British North American colonies, the Stono Rebellion revealed tensions that continued in slave states throughout the next century. It is also probable that many of the rebels were recently imported from the Kingdom of Kongo and that their religious beliefs (a syncretic form of Catholicism) influenced the uprising's timing. Bedford/St. Authorities also tightened control over the enslaved. Cry Liberty: The Great Stono River Slave Rebellion of 1739. Around 100 Africans rose in revolt in 1739. Led by an Angolan named Jemmy, a band of twenty slaves organized a rebellion on the banks of the Stono River. The act also forbade enslaved people to: In addition, there was a systematic culture change in how plantation owners civilized their enslaved labor. To rest and also to draw more slaves to their ranks, they decided to delay crossing the Edisto River. Arlington Heights: Harlan Davidson, 1999. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The South Carolina legislature decreed that all slaves must be emancipated. The Stono Rebellion was the largest slave revolt in the British colonies. Enslaved Africans who challenged these restrictions did so with the possibility of severe punishment. forcing a new colonial name on enslaved people. South Carolinians were contemplating passing the Security Act, which would have required all White men to take their firearms with them to church on Sunday, presumably in case of unrest among a group of enslaved people broke out. For enslaved people in America, protest against the injustice of chattel slavery took many forms. South Carolina slaves continued to revolt and conspire periodically throughout the colonial and antebellum period. Why did the author suggest that Spanish policy played an important role in the Stono Rebellion? 1. It became the practice for masters to create a psychological environment that forced people to forget family ties by: However, many enslaved Africans defiantly held on to their language, customs, and religions for as long as they could. Fugitive slaves who made it to Florida would be granted freedom in exchange for service in the Spanish militia and converting to Catholicism. The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Catos Conspiracy or Catos Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. Explore our upcoming webinars, events and programs. Impact of the Stono Rebellion on the Lives of Enslaved People. Initially, around 20 slaves seized guns and ammunition from a local store and killed storekeepers and nearby planter families. Poorer farmers had smaller farms and fewer slaves but were just as interested in controlling the slave population through a variety of means, including whipping, slave patrols, and a version of Christianity that promoted obedience. A slave is usually acquired by purchase and legally described as chattel, The white male political and social power structure in the American colonies and slaveholding states needed an effective way to regulate and control, Skip to main content Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Most subtle were the individua, Before slavery became a fixture on the North American mainland, Europeans, both Catholics and Protestants, debated the relationship between African s, Woolman, John What were the motives for Nat Turner's Rebellion? Use the Following Primary Source to Answer the following Multiple Choice Questions: .On the 9th day of September last being Sunday which is the day the Planters allow them to work for themselves, Some Angola Negroes assembled, to the number of Twenty; and one who was called Jemmy was their Captain, they surprised a Warehouse belong to Mr. Hutchenson at a place called Stonehow [Stono]; they there killed Mr. Robert Bathurst, and Mr. Gibbs, plundered the House and took a pretty many small Arms and Powder, which were here for Sale. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. With swords, muskets, axes, and other improvised weapons, the men went from house to house, farmstead to farmstead killing the white residents inside. 9. Why was the Spanish Revolution important? Other slaves joined the rebellion until the group reached about 60 members. . Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Several revisions were made to the colonys slave code in hope of preventing future revolts. . The uprising was led by native Africans who were likely from the Kingdom . Sunday had been traditionally a day when the enslavers set aside their weapons for church attendance and allowed their captives to work for themselves. Slaves worked in the colony according to a task system in which they completed their work at their own pace under the watchful eye of an overseer. The principal outcome of the committee's deliberations was the so-called Negro Act of 1740; in historian Darold D. Wax's estimation, "a thorough revision of the South Carolina slave code that survived into the nineteenth century" (Wax, p. 139). Some newly arrived Africans fled to the frontier, where they established traditional villages to marry into Indigenous tribes. The StonoRebellion(also known as Cato's Conspiracyor Cato's Rebellion) was a slave revoltthat began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. Why was the Whiskey Rebellion important for the federal government? Why is the Stono Rebellion so important? As the population of enslaved Africans in the American colonies grew in the late 1600s and early 1700s, so did the social anxiety of the white farmers, planters, and plantation owners who controlled these enslaved peoples' labor production and lives. A second battle ensued, this one effectively ending the insurrection. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. forcing conversion to Christianity as a method of breaking language and culture. The Spanish proclamation went into effect in 1733, but it was enforced only with the arrival of a new Florida governor, Manuel Montiano, in 1737. Henry de Saussure Copeland / Flickr / CC BY-NC 2.0. The revolt began on Sunday, September 9, 1739, on a branch of the Stono River in St. Pauls Parish, near Charleston. Some of these provisions had existed in law before but had not been consistently enforced. However, the ferocity of the Stono Rebels heightened the anxieties of whites over internal security in South Carolina slave-holding society for years to come. What was a result of the Stono Rebellion quizlet? Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/stono-rebellion. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. . 5 Where did the Stono Rebellion take place? Why did the author suggest that Spanish policy played an important role in the Stono Rebellion? It is likely that the slaves organized their revolt to take place before September 29, when a certain provision was to go into effect requiring all white men to carry firearms to Sunday church services. Other slaves joined the rebellion until the group reached about 60 members. The governors of Spanish Florida instigated unrest in the southern colonies to force England to use resources to quell the issues. The white colonists finally captured most of the remaining rebels a week later. Somehow, they were discovered by two white men, Robert Bathurst and a Mr. Gibbs. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Updates? Why was Bacon's Rebellion written in 1676? Slaves were also prohibited from growing their food or learning to read. . Many Southern plantation owners also began to adopt the practice of northern planters of purchasing more female enslaved labor to produce more slaves naturally within their plantation and purchase fewer imported slaves. 1. In the northern colonies, where there were fewer enslaved Africans, white violence was sporadic. In the confusion, about thirty escaped into the countryside. By February 1739, at least sixty-nine enslaved people had escaped to St. Augustine in Florida. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The rebels fought well, which, as historian John K. Thornton speculates, may have been because they had a military background in their homeland. Learn more about the different ways you can partner with the Bill of Rights Institute. More slaves later joined this group. Contemporaries thought that the revolt was inspired in part by a visit to Charleston by a priest who relayed the Spanish offer of freedom in Florida. Kolchin, Peter. After breaking into Hutchinson's store the band, now armed with guns, called for their liberty. First, there was a change and increase in the violence and disciplinary measures used to punish rebellious enslaved Africans, as a method of controlling the enslaved population through fear. Omissions? Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. The survivors were sold off to theWest Indies. A: Stono is important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well. In this way, Sundays gradually became a day of rest- asserted as a right, leaning on a masters Christianity, rather than granted as a privilege. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. According to a contemporary account, they then halted in a field and set to dancing, Singing and beating Drums to draw more Negroes to them.. The willingness of slaves to strike out for freedom with such force heightened anxieties among whites over internal security in the South Carolina slaveholding society for years to come. A: Stono is important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well. Along their march to Florida, they were joined by other fugitive slaves, numbering up to one hundred total before they were stopped. The Stono Rebellion led to the passage of the 1740 Negro Act which required one white supervise at most ten slaves in any plantation. The Stono Rebellion shocked white South Carolinians and residents of other colonies. The militia rounded up the escapees, decapitating them and setting their heads on posts as a lesson to other enslaved people. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading. Thornton, John K. "African Dimensions of the Stono Rebellion." Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Stono Rebellion exemplified the precariousness of white colonists clinging to power over their slaves. BRIs Comprehensive US History digital textbook, BRIs primary-source civics and government resource, BRIs character education narrative-based resource. But Stono was the catalyst. The Negro Act also made it mandatory for militias to regularly patrol to prevent enslaved people from gathering the way they had in anticipation of the Stono Rebellion. They resisted the slave system by feigning illness, running away for a few days, or breaking farming implements. It is likely that the slaves organized their revolt to take place before September 29, when a certain provision was to go into effect requiring all white men to carry firearms to Sunday . RACE: Plantation owners gradually replaced indentured servants with African slaves and became the primary labor forces, creating a cruel institution in the American colonies. Journal of Negro History 67, no. Encyclopedia.com. Why was Nat Turner's Rebellion important? Whites perceived the Stono insurrection to have continued at least until the following Sunday, when militiamen encountered the largest group of disbanded rebels another thirty miles south. XLII. Some of the slaves in the plantations hid their masters and even drove off the rebels, either too frightened to join the rebellion or genuinely concerned for their owners. Will you pass the quiz? (April 27, 2023). They burned the houses as they went. The rebellion began at the Stono River in St. Paul 's Parish, near Charleston, South Carolina. Stopping first at a firearms shop, they killed the owner and supplied themselves with guns. Around twenty enslaved people, led by a slave named Jeremy, seized guns and ammunition from a local store, killing the storekeepers and nearby planter families. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Slaves gathered, raided a firearms shop, and headed south, killing more than 20 white people as they went. Why did Shays' Rebellion start in Massachusetts? The previous year, seventy slaves from South Carolina had traveled over water and land as they fled successfully to Florida and freedom. 2. Smith, Mark M. "Remembering Mary, Shaping Revolt: Reconsidering the Stono Rebellion." Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Vox, Lisa. by Heather Gray. The colony also imposed a prohibitive duty on the importation of new slaves in 1741 in an effort to stem the growth of South Carolina's slave population. Minutes later, they burst into Hutcheson's store at Stono's bridge, killed the two storekeepers, and stole the guns and powder inside. In the 1760s, an enslaved person in Virginia killed four white planters, and other small plots to kill owners were successful. Americans at War. They proceeded to sack the nearby home of a Mr. Lemy, killing him, his wife, and their child before setting the house ablaze. Slaves were oppressed by a brutal system of forced labor and sometimes violently rebelled. Why was the Battle of Lexington and Concord important? The Stono Rebellion was the largest rebellion mounted by enslaved people against enslavers in colonial America. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
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