[155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. Senator Ewing secured an appointment for the 16-year-old Sherman as a cadet in the United States Military Academy at West Point. William Tecumseh Sherman, was born February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. I couldn't find out much about her other than the fact that she never married, and died in Massachussetts in 1925. At the insistence of Johnston, Confederate president Jefferson Davis, and Confederate Secretary of War John C. Breckinridge, Sherman conditionally agreed to generous terms that dealt with both military and political issues. As long as resistance is made[,] death must be meted out, but the moment all resistance ceases, the firing will stop and all survivors turned over to the proper Indian agent". William Tecumseh Sherman's early military career was a near disaster, having to be temporarily relieved of command. Perhaps best known for his 1864 "March to the Sea," William Tecumseh "Cump" Sherman (1820-1891) was born in Lancaster, Ohio. This helped ensure that the Mississippi River would remain in Union hands for the remainder of the war. [275], Sherman wrote to his wife in 1842: "I believe in good works rather than faith. The Scourge of War: The Life of William Tecumseh Sherman By Brian Holden Reid Oxford University Press, 2020, $34.95. When the bank failed during the Panic of 1857, he closed the New York branch. Born on february 08 43. William was sent to the family of Thomas Ewing, a neighbor and friend who was a U.S. President Zachary Taylor, vice president Millard Fillmore and other political luminaries attended the wedding. [237], Displacement of the Plains Indians was facilitated by the growth of the railroads and the eradication of the bison. The Life Summary of William Tecumseh. Fires began that night and by next morning most of the central city was destroyed. Despite his harsh treatment of the warring tribes, Sherman spoke out against speculators and government agents who abused the Native Americans living within the reservations. Friends and family, however, simply called him "Cump." 2. This was the largest single capitulation of the war. In one amusing change to his text, Sherman dropped the assertion that, A "third edition, revised and corrected" of Sherman's memoirs was put out in 1890 by, According to Victor Davis Hanson, "In the eyes of Lewis and Liddell Hart, Sherman was a great man, who is judged on what he did and not on what he wrote: he saved lives and shortened the war; and he used military science to teach his nation what war is ultimately for. After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing. [21] His friends and family called him "Cump".[22]. Civil war-era biographies that can double as doorstops seem to be in vogue again. American historian Wesley Moody has argued that these commentators tended to filter Sherman's actions and his hard-war strategy through their own ideas about modern warfare, thereby contributing to the exaggeration of his "atrocities" and unintentionally feeding into the negative assessment of Sherman's moral character associated with the "Lost Cause" school of Southern historiography. [100], In December, Sherman's forces suffered a severe repulse at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, just north of Vicksburg. Union Army - U.S. Civil War. [207], The damage done by Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas was almost entirely limited to the destruction of property. Sherman was fond of the Ewings' eldest daughter, Ellen, and frequently corresponded with her while at West Point. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. War is a terrible thing! Menu. Sherman survived two shipwrecks and floated through the Golden Gate on the overturned hull of a foundering lumber schooner. According to Sherman's biographer Robert O'Connell, "Shiloh marked the turning point of his life. Died on February 14, 1891 in New York City, New York, USA. "[92], Despite being caught unprepared by the attack, Sherman rallied his division and conducted an orderly, fighting retreat that helped avert a disastrous Union rout. He was born . [114][115], Ordered to relieve the Union forces besieged in the city of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Sherman departed from Memphis on October 11, 1863, aboard a train bound for Chattanooga. He led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas (1864-65). 1869-1934) Susan Denman Sherman (b. Oct. 10, 1825-Jan. 10, 1876) Married: second wife of Thomas Wells Bartley, Nov. 7, 1848 The Sherman House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Civil War Preservation Trail and has been a memorial to the family since 1951. In 1859, he became superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy (now Louisiana State University), a position from which he resigned when Louisiana seceded from the Union. [90] This success contributed greatly to raising Sherman's spirits and changing his personal outlook on the Civil War and his role in it. After his father died at an early age, Sherman's mother split the family. Thus, he was living in the border state of Missouri as the secession crisis reached its climax. Born William Tecumseh SHERMAN American soldier, businessman, educator and author Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States Died on February 14, 1891 in New York City, New York, USA Born on February 08 50 Deceased on February 14 32 Family tree Report an error Sherman Daniel 1721 - 1799 Taylor Mindwell 1720 - 1798 Stoddard Linked pages will continue with descendants of each main line, in a growing database of Sherman lines, both of English and other roots. [291], In the early 20th century, Sherman's role in the Civil War attracted attention from influential British military intellectuals, including Field Marshal Lord Wolseley, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, and especially Capt. [97], On November 1862, U. S. Grant, acting as commander of the Union forces in the state of Mississippi, launched a campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, the principal Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River. [278] Thomas's decision to abandon his career as a lawyer in 1878 to join the Jesuits and prepare for the Catholic priesthood caused Sherman profound distress, and he referred to it as a "great calamity". [75], The engagement at Bull Run ended in a disastrous defeat for the Union, dashing the hopes for a rapid resolution of the conflict over secession. Sherman and Ellen had eight children, including three sons in addition to Willie, but none came close to replacing him in their father's affections. [267] President Benjamin Harrison, who served under Sherman, sent a telegram to Sherman's family and ordered all national flags to be flown at half staff. [175] According to Sherman, My aim then was to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us. [128][129] Meanwhile, in August, Sherman "learned that I had been commissioned a major-general in the regular army, which was unexpected, and not desired until successful in the capture of Atlanta". Without his work, the Union troops would not have been able to maintain their levels of supply during the war, and he was instrumental in both Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman's . [162] This precipitated a deep and long-lasting enmity between Sherman and Stanton, and it intensified Sherman's disdain for politicians. [122] However, he enjoyed Grant's confidence and friendship. William H. Warner in surveying the new city of Sacramento, laying its street grid in 1848. the Sherman family papers are deposited at the University . Sherman's younger brother John was, from his seat in the U.S. Congress, a prominent advocate against slavery. See more Charles Taylor Sherman (Feb. 3, 1811-Jan. 1, 1879) Mary Elizabeth Sherman Reese (April 21, 1812-Aug. 1900) Johnston did catch a serious cold and died one month later of pneumonia. [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". [177] Some abolitionists accused Sherman of doing too little to alleviate the precarious living conditions of these refugees, motivating Secretary of War Stanton to travel to Georgia in January 1865 to investigate the situation. He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. "General Sherman" and "William Sherman" redirect here. [145] According to a war-time account, it was around this time that Sherman made his memorable declaration of loyalty to Grant: General Grant is a great general. [65][66], Sherman then moved to St. Louis to become president of a streetcar company called the "Fifth Street Railroad". Republican Governor Daniel Henry Chamberlain appealed to President Grant for military assistance. [230] He was successful in negotiating other treaties, such as the removal of Navajos from the Bosque Redondo to traditional lands in Western New Mexico. [273], Sherman's birth family was Presbyterian and he was originally baptized as such. William Tecumseh Sherman 1820 - 1891. [296], The influential literary critic Edmund Wilson found in Sherman's Memoirs a fascinating and disturbing account of an "appetite for warfare" that "grows as it feeds on the South". In response to this threat, Grant instructed Sherman to attack Johnston. He is perhaps the most eccentric general of the Civil War. [247] The Memoirs of General William T. Sherman. [254] On April 11, 1880, he addressed a crowd of more than 10,000 in Columbus, Ohio: "There is many a boy here today who looks on war as all glory, but, boys, it is all hell. [102] Soon after, Major General John A. McClernand ordered Sherman's XV Corps to join in his assault on Arkansas Post. His father, Charles Robert Sherman, a lawyer who was a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court,[11] died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1829. Sherman appointed Brig. [287] At the same time, he was generally respected in the South as a military man, while his conservative politics were attractive to many white Southerners. [281] Except during the personal crisis triggered by his son Thomas's decision to become a priest, Sherman's personal attitude towards the Catholic Church was tolerant and even friendly at a time when anti-Catholic prejudice was common in the United States. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. Ellen's father, Thomas Ewing, was the US Secretary of the Interior at that time. Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. After Gen William Tecumseh Sherman recommended slaughtering buffalo to deny Native Americans a food supply, the number of buffalo killings soared. [76] During the fighting, Sherman was grazed by bullets in the knee and shoulder. Select a photo type. [192] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[193] Victor Davis Hanson,[194] and Brian Holden-Reid. The publication of Sherman's memoirs sparked controversy and drew complaints from many quarters. [169][170][171] Throughout the Civil War, Sherman declined to employ black troops in his armies.[172][173]. By Himself, published by D. Appleton & Company in two volumes, began with the year 1846 (when the Mexican War began) and ended with a chapter about the "military lessons of the [civil] war". [263] However, Sherman did include the views of some others in the appendices to the new edition.[j][k]. [269][270], Sherman's body was then transported to St. Louis, where another service was conducted at a local Catholic church on February 21, 1891. American Civil War, Mexican-American War, War of 1812, American soldier, businessman, educator and author, Born on Tuesday, February 8, 1820 Therefore, he believed that the North had to conduct its campaign as a war of conquest, employing scorched earth tactics to break the backbone of the rebellion. [163], Grant then offered Johnston purely military terms, similar to those that he had negotiated with Lee at Appomattox. Shortly after the Union forces occupied Corinth on May 30, Sherman persuaded Grant not to resign from his command, despite the serious difficulties he was having with Halleck. [158] After returning to Goldsboro, Sherman marched with his troops to the state capital, Raleigh, where Sherman sought to communicate with Johnston's army regarding possible terms for ending the war. Includes citations for all sources. Liddell Hart. Some of us called upon him immediately upon his arrival, and it is probable he would not meet the Secretary [Stanton] with more courtesy than he met us. In early 1858, he returned to California to finalize the bank's outstanding accounts there. [165], Sherman was not an abolitionist before the war and, like others of his time and background, he did not believe in "Negro equality". The children were parceled out to relatives and friends. : Dear Tommy", "General William Tecumseh Sherman 1888, cast 1910", "The sculpture "Victory" fully restored, on display at the Memorial Amphitheater", "General William Tecumseh Sherman Statue", "Firefighters are girding Earth's biggest tree. William Tecumseh Sherman, a famous Union general of the American Civil War, came from a wealthy Ohio family and graduated from the US Military Academy at West Point in 1840. [164] Sherman proceeded with some of his troops to Washington, where they marched in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 24, 1865. After the fall of Atlanta in 1864, Sherman ordered the city's immediate evacuation. On April 20, Sherman dispatched a memorandum with those terms to the government in Washington. An elder brother became a federal judge, and. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument is an equestrian statue of American Civil War Major General William Tecumseh Sherman located in Sherman Plaza, which is part of President's Park in Washington, D.C., in the United States.The selection of an artist in 1896 to design the monument was highly controversial. Sherman's nine-year-old son, Willie, the "Little Sergeant", died from typhoid fever contracted during the trip. [35][36] Sherman unwittingly helped to launch the California Gold Rush by drafting the official documents in which Governor Mason confirmed that gold had been discovered in the region. Sherman, one of eleven children, was born into a . He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (18611865), achieving recognition for his command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched-earth policies that he implemented against the Confederate States. [292] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[293] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. In 1829, when Sherman was 9, his father died unexpectedly. [197][198][f] Another World War II-era student of Liddell Hart's writings on Sherman was General George S. Patton,[199] who "spent a long vacation studying Sherman's campaigns on the ground in Georgia and the Carolinas, with the aid of [Liddell Hart's] book" and later "carried out his [bold] plans, in super-Sherman style". Still, if he muffed his Vicksburg assignment, which had begun unfavorably, he would rise no higher. Louis. 0% Complete. Historian Mark Grimsley promoted the use of the term "hard war" to refer to this strategy in the context of the U.S. Civil War. Eventually, Sherman won approval from his superiors for a plan to cut loose from his communications and march south, having advised Grant that he could "make Georgia howl". Sherman expressed grave concerns about the North's poor state of preparedness for the looming civil war, but he found Lincoln unresponsive. As Sherman himself once noted, his unusual middle name came from his father's "fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, Tecumseh," who headed a confederacy of Native American tribes in Ohio. In 1864, when Grant went east to serve as the General-in-Chief of the Union Armies, Sherman succeeded him as the commander in the Western Theater. For other uses, see. Instead of complying, he resigned his position as superintendent, declaring to the governor of Louisiana that "on no earthly account will I do any act or think any thought hostile to or in defiance of the old Government of the United States. [111], During the siege of Vicksburg, Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston had gathered a force of 30,000 men in Jackson, Mississippi, with the intention of relieving the garrison under the command of John C. Pemberton that was trapped inside Vicksburg. [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. According to Lewis's account, which was repeated by later authors, Sherman was baptized in the Ewing home by a Dominican priest who found the pagan name "Tecumseh" unsuitable and instead named the child "William" after the saint on whose feast day the baptism took place. His performance was praised by Grant and Halleck and after the battle he was promoted to major general of volunteers, effective May 1, 1862. [288] By the 1880s, however, Southern "Lost Cause" writers began to demonize Sherman for his attacks on civilians in Georgia and South Carolina. [174] Sherman rejected this, arguing that it would have delayed the "successful end" of the war and the "[liberation of] all slaves". The influential 20th-century British military historian and theorist B.H. Liddell Hart ranked Sherman as "the first modern general" and one of the most important strategists in the annals of war, along with Scipio Africanus, Belisarius, Napoleon Bonaparte, T.E. Lawrence, and Erwin Rommel. Senator from Ohio [1830-1836] and later a member of the cabinet under four U.S. Presidents, William Henry . You are rushing into war with one of the most powerful, ingeniously mechanical, and determined people on Earthright at your doors. [246], In 1875, ten years after the end of the Civil War, Sherman became one of the first Civil War generals to publish his memoirs. He lived in Texas, United States in 1870 and Justice Precinct 3, Shackelford, Texas, United States in 1880. Today we are pleased to welcome guest author Derek D. Maxfield with a review of Robert L. O'Connell's Fierce Patriot: The Tangled Lives of William Tecumseh Sherman (New York: Random House, 2014). [54][b] Later in 1858, he moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he worked as the office manager of the law firm established by his brothers-in-law Hugh Ewing and Thomas Ewing Jr. Sherman obtained a license to practice law, despite not having studied for the bar, but he met with little success as a lawyer. I am not and cannot be. [257] Sherman stepped down as commanding general on November 1, 1883,[258] and retired from the army on February 8, 1884. [146], While in Savannah, Sherman learned from a newspaper that his infant son Charles Celestine had died during the Savannah campaign; the general had never seen the child. William Tecumseh Sherman Biss married Amelia Rose Slavick and had 4 children. Along with fellow Lieutenants Henry Halleck and Edward Ord, Sherman embarked from New York City on the 198-day journey around Cape Horn, aboard the converted sloop USS Lexington. In December, he was put on leave by Henry W. Halleck, commander of the Department of the Missouri, who found him unfit for duty and sent him to Lancaster, Ohio, to recuperate. Learn more about possible network issues or contact support for more help. Sherman excelled academically at West Point, but he treated the demerit system with indifference. Local Native American Lumbee guides helped Sherman's army cross the Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina. Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of General William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) to other famous people. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. [53], Sherman's San Francisco branch closed in May 1857, and he relocated to New York City on behalf of the same bank, travelling on the steamer SS Central America. [95][96] In July, Grant's situation improved when Halleck left for the East to become general-in-chief. Louis. [227], There was little large-scale military action against the Indians during the first three years of Sherman's tenure as divisional commander, as Sherman allowed negotiations between the U.S. government and Indian leaders to proceed, while he built up his troops and awaited completion of the Union Pacific and Kansas Pacific Railroads. On November 25, Sherman took his assigned target of Billy Goat Hill at the north end of the ridge, only to find that it was separated from the main spine by a rock-strewn ravine. Born 12 Jul 1618 in Dedham, Essex, England Ancestors Son of Edmund Sherman and Grace (Makin) Sherman Brother of Edmund Sherman, Anne Sherman, Joan Sherman, Hester (Sherman) Warde, Richard Sherman, Bezaleel Sherman, John Sherman and Grace (Sherman) Livermore Husband of Sarah (Mitchell) Sherman married before 1640 [location unknown] Descendants [233] One of the main concerns of his postbellum service was, therefore, to protect the construction and operation of the railroads from hostile Indians. William Tecumseh Sherman, 1820 28 - 1891 214 Tecumseh 19 [229], When the Medicine Lodge Treaty failed in 1868, Sherman authorized his subordinate in Missouri, Major General Philip Sheridan, to lead the winter campaign of 18681869, of which the Battle of Washita River was part. [290] Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Southern ideals of chivalry supposedly embodied by General Lee. I did not want them to cast in our teeth what General Hood had once done at Atlanta, that we had to call on their slaves to help us to subdue them. [188][189][190] In that essay, Sherman called upon the South to "let the negro vote, and count his vote honestly", adding that "otherwise, so sure as there is a God in Heaven, you will have another war, more cruel than the last, when the torch and dagger will take the place of the muskets of well-ordered battalions". In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. [98] Grant made Sherman a corps commander and put him in charge of half of his forces. [69][70], After the April 1213 bombardment of Fort Sumter and its subsequent capture by the Confederacy, Sherman hesitated about committing to military service. William Tecumseh Sherman, although not a career military commander before the war, would become one of "the most widely renowned of the Union's military leaders next to U. S. Grant.". [305] Sherman is represented astride his horse Ontario and led by a winged female figure of Victory. One 19th-century source, for example, states that "General Sherman, we believe, is the only eminent American named from an Indian chief". Like Gilbert and Sullivan's Maj. Gen. Stanley, William Tecumseh Sherman was the "very model of a modern major general." The Union commander developed many of the ideas on which contemporary . [213] This made repairs extremely difficult at a time when the Confederacy lacked both iron and heavy machinery.[214]. This frontal assault was intended as a diversion, but it unexpectedly succeeded in capturing the enemy's entrenchments and routing the Confederate Army of Tennessee, bringing the Union's Chattanooga campaign to a successful completion. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for William Tecumseh Sherman -A Family Chronicle - Laura Kerr -Signed By Author 1984 at the best online prices at eBay! Holden-Reid, for instance, argued that "the concept of 'total war' is deeply flawed, an imprecise label that at best describes the two world wars but is of dubious relevance to the U.S. Civil War."[204]. Early life and career Philemon Tecumseh (1867-1941) California Registered Historic Landmark plaque at the location in Jackson Square, San Francisco, of the branch of the Bank of Lucas, Turner & Co. that Sherman directed from 1853 to 1857 Sherman was appointed as captain in the Army's Commissary Department on September 27, 1850, with offices in St. Louis, Missouri. [14], Sherman's unusual given name has always attracted attention. He lived in Lancaster, Fairfield, Ohio, United States in 1860. When Sherman was nine years old his father, a successful lawyer on the Ohio Supreme court, unexpectedly died in 1829. William M Biss 1825 - 1901. [176] Their fate soon became a pressing military and political issue. [123] When Lincoln called Grant east in the spring of 1864 to take command of all the Union armies, Grant appointed Sherman (by then known to his soldiers as "Uncle Billy") to succeed him as head of the Military Division of the Mississippi, which entailed command of Union troops in the Western Theater of the war.
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