The boundaries of caste division were fairly clear in the village community. Impress your Guju friends by learning the meaning of their surnames. Agri 12011/68/93-BCC(C) dt 10/09/1993 2. The Vanias provide an example of such castes. It is important to note that the more literate and learned Brahmans lived in towns, more particularly in capital and pilgrim towns, which were, indeed, the centres of higher Hindu culture and civilization. Some last names such as Aacharya, Desai, Gupta, Joshi, Mehta, and Pandya are derived from Sanskrit words. The three trading castes of Vania, Lohana and Bhatia were mainly urban. <>/Metadata 3086 0 R/ViewerPreferences 3087 0 R>> The point is that there was nothing like the endogamous unit but there were only several units of various orders with defined roles in endogamy. Castes having continuous internal hierarchy and lacking effective small endogamous units, such as Rajputs, Leva Kanbis, Anavils and Khedawals, do not have active associations for lower-order divisions. The existence of ekdas or gols, however, does not mean that the divisiveness of caste ended there or that the ekdas and gols were always the definitive units of endogamy. Click here for additional information. A fundamental difficulty with these paradigms of change, as indicated by the above analysis, is that they are based on a partial conception of the systematic or structural whole in the past partially because it does not cover the urban situation and the complexity of horizontal units. It will readily be agreed that the sociological study of Indian towns and cities has not made as much progress as has the study of Indian villages. Image Guidelines 5. Most inter-divisional marriages take place between boys and girls belonging to the lowest order in the structure of divisions. All for free. The Rajputs in Radhvanaj, the village I have studied in central Gujarat, had no great difficulty in establishing their claim to being Rajputs: they owned substantial amounts of land under a traditional Rajput tenure, dominated village politics and possessed certain other traditional Rajput symbols. Inclusion of a lower-order division in a higher-order one and distinction between various divisions in a certain order was not as unambiguous. The latter continued to be the provincial capital during Mughal rule. Amin was a knighthood bestowed upon the Hindu Gujarati Patels by the Mughal rulers. All associations originated in large towns, are more active in towns than in villages, and are led by prominent members in towns. They adopted Rajput customs and traditions, claimed Rajput status, and gave daughters in marriage to Rajputs in the lower rungs of Rajput hierarchy. The two former ekdas continued to exist with diminished strength. They were given to the bride as a "bride wealth" dowry by her soon-to-be husband's mother. Get close to the ancestry and significance of some of the popular Spanish surnames. The surname Gajjar represents a Gujarati sub-caste from the Suthar community. There was also a tendency among bachelors past marriageable age to establish liaisons with lower-caste women, which usually led the couple to flee and settle down in a distant village. A large number of priestly, artisan and service castes also lived in both villages and towns: Bramhans, barbers, carpenters, blacksmiths, shoemakers, leather-workers, scavenges, water-carriers, palanquin-bearers, and so on. In central Gujarat, for example, one and the same division, freely arranging marriages within it, was known by several names such as Baraiya, Dharala, Khant, Kotwal, Pagi, Patelia, Talapada, Thakarada, and Thakor. Koli Idaria Koli, Kharwa-koli, Rathwa-Koli, Baria-Koli, Dhebari-Koli. Although caste was found in both village and town, did it possess any special characteristics in the latter? I am dealing here only with certain typical situations. Other examples are Daruwala, Doshi, Zariwala, and Screwala. Besides the myths, the members of a second-order division, belonging to all ekdas, shared certain customs and institutions, including worship of a tutelary deity. The surname is derived from the Sanskrit word pandit that means teacher or a scholar. These coastal towns were involved in trade among themselves, with other towns on the rest of the Indian sea coast, and with many foreign lands. Gujrati people are seen everywhere as it is believed they are business-minded people, hardworking and opportunists. [11][10][12], Furthermore, there were also considerable diversity in dressing habits between different sub-groups. One important first-order division, namely, Rajput, does not seem to have had any second-order division at all. Although the name of a Brahman or Vania division might be based on a place name, the division was not territorial in nature. Barot Vahivancha Charan, Gadhvi, Gadhavi (where they are not Scheduled Tribe) -do- 5. The following two tabs change content below. State Id State Name Castecode Caste Subcaste 4 GUJARAT 4001 AHIR SORATHA 4 GUJARAT 4002 AHIR 4 GUJARAT 4003 ANSARI 4 GUJARAT 4004 ANVIL BRAHMIN 4 GUJARAT 4005 ATIT BAYAJI BAKSHI PANCH 4 GUJARAT 4006 BAJANIYA 4 GUJARAT 4007 BAJIR . I hope to show in this paper how the principle of division is also a primary principle competing with the principle of hierarchy and having important implications for Indian society and culture. The guiding ideas were samaj sudharo (social reform) and samaj seva (social service). The Gujarati surname probably derives its name from the word Jari/Zari, which refers to the shining gold and silver threads used in Indian apparel. The Kolis in such an area may not even be concerned about a second-order divisional name and may be known simply as Kolis. The women of the Charnia Bhambis wear a dress of yellow colour like the Charan women. Rajiv Shah. The primarily urban castes and the urban sections of the rural-cum- urban castes were the first to take advantage of the new opportunities that developed in industry, commerce, administration, the professions and education in urban centres. Parekh derives from the Sanskrit word pariksaka, meaning an examiner. Most are Hindu by religion, with Rishi Megh, Kabir, and Ram Devji, and Bankar Mataji their chief gods. Castes pervaded by divisive tendencies had small populations confined to small areas separated from each other by considerable gaps. More common was an ekda or tad having its population residing either in a few neighbouring villages, or in a few neighbouring towns, or in both. , () () (). Acharya, a common Gujarati surname, derives its name from Acarya, a Sanskrit word for a spiritual leader, or the one who teaches conduct., The surname originates from a Sanskrit word that means best among priests who perform Yagna.. Copyright 2014-2023 Mykids Ventures Private Limited. As for the size of other castes, I shall make mainly relative statements. But the hypergamous tendency was so powerful that each such endogamous unit could not be perfectly endogamous even at the height of its integration. They were found in almost every village in plains Gujarat and in many villages in Saurashtra and Kachchh. Among the first-order divisions with subdivisions going down to the fourth order, there are associations for divisions of all the orders. There are people with the Modi surname among Vaishnavas (Baniyas), Kharwas (fishermen from Porbandar), and Lohanas (who are a community of traders). What are you currently focused on? Therefore, the surname refers to someone who likely made or sold screws. Kayatias and Tapodhans were considered such low Brahmans that even some non-Brahman castes did not accept food and water from them. The co-residence of people belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a division of a higher order has been a prominent feature of caste in towns and cities. The primarily rural and lower castes were the last to form associations and that too mainly after independence (1947). Patel comes from the word Patlikh, which was a title given by the king to someone who worked as a record keeper of crops and taxes from a piece of land. The Meghwal women artisans of Thar desert in Sindh and Balochistan, and in Gujarat are considered master of the traditional embroidery and Ralli making. The Gujarati surnames are different from other surnames and stand out from the rest of other languages. Bavri or Baori -do- 6. Literally, then, the words Meghwal and Meghwar connote a people who belong to Megh lineage. Sign up for free and get a reading plan and resources thats personalised for your exact parenting stage. Bhagat is a term used in the Indian subcontinent to describe religious personalities who have obtain high acclaim in their community for their services and devoutness. The Hindu population of Gujarat was divided first of all into what I have called caste divisions of the first order. Since most of the class is into some business, works like goldsmith, blacksmith, jewellers, money lenders, business tycoons, most of them are from the same community. You can check out this list below. Hindu society is usually described as divided into a number of castes the boundaries of which are maintained by the rule of caste endogamy. The complex was provided a certain coherence and integrityin the pre- industrial time of slow communicationby a number of oral and literate traditions cultivated by cultural specialists such as priests, bards, genealogists and mythographers (see in this connection Shah and Shroff 1958). The primarily urban castes linked one town with another; the primarily rural linked one village with another; and the rural-cum-urban linked towns with villages in addition to linking both among themselves. The Bhavsars claim to be of Kshatriya descent. In all there were about eighty such divisions. Sikhism's central scriptural book, Guru Granth Sahib, has teachings of 15 Bhagats, along with bani of Sikh Gurus, Bhats and Gursikhs. Her experience in impactful writing combined with her background in Home Sciences makes Aparna the perfect candidate for content writing in the pregnancy and parenting niche. Hypergamy tended to be associated with this hierarchy. Bhagat. It is possible that there were a few divisions each confined to just one large city and, therefore, not having the horizontal dimension at all. The change from emphasis on hierarchy to emphasis on division is becoming increasingly significant in view of the growth of urban population both in absolute number and in relation to the total population. The surname originates from dvivedi, a Sanskrit word referring to one who has studied and mastered two Vedas. The highland Bhils seem to have provided brides to lower Rajputs on the other side of the highlands also, i.e., to those in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh (see, for example, Doshi, 1971: 7f., 13-15; Aurora 1972: 16, 32f.). They are known by various names such as Ganeshia, Rikhia, and Risha. The indigenous Kolis in the highland area of Pal in eastern Gujarat were called Palia, but there was another smaller population of KoUs, who were locally called Baria but were actually Talapada immigrants from central Gujarat. For example, all Vania divisions were divided into a number of ekdas or gols. Individuals from the Barot community would usually work as genealogists (one who studies and makes a pedigree) and as bards. All this trade encouraged development of trading and commercial towns in the rest of Gujarat, even in the highland area. In the past the dispersal over a wide area of population of an ekda or tad was uncommon; only modern communications have made residential dispersal as well as functional integration possible. Name of Caste Communities State Wise list no; 1: Agri: 1: 2: Ahir, Ayar-Boricha: 2: 3: Bafan (Muslim) 3: 4: Barot, Vahivancha . Frequently, each such unit had a patron deity, housed in a large shrine, with elaborate arrangements for its ownership. & Date 1. They are described by the ruling elite as robbers, dacoits, marauders, predators and the like. It is quite a common Gujarati surname, and indicates that the person is a believer of Jainism. Hey mothers out there, sign up now and thank me later :) - BY Priya Rathore, The best thing that happened to me as a mother is me signing up with them for my two sweet little munchkin's needs. While we can find historical information about the formation of ekdas and tads there are only myths about the formation of the numerous second-order divisions. [25], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Kma of Rajasthan Priests of a Forgotten Tradition", "The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary", "Ancient Lac Dyeing Practices of Kachchh and its revival by the Vankar Shyamji Valiji of Bujodi", "Innovations, Entrepreneurship and Development", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghwal&oldid=1152243292, This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 01:42. Traditionally, the Brahman division was supposed to provide the priests for the corresponding divisions. Data need to be collected over large areas by methods other than those used in village studies, castes need to be compared in the regional setting, and a new general approach, analytical framework, and conceptual apparatus need to be developed. While some of the divisions of a lower order might be the result of fission, some others might be a result of fusion. The institutions of both bride and bridegroom price (the latter also called dowry) were rampant in castes with continuous internal hierarchydowry mainly at the upper levels, bride price mainly at the lower levels, and both dowry and bride price among status-seeking middle level families. Each unit was ranked in relation to others, and many members of the lower units married their daughters into the higher units, so that almost every unit became loose in the course of time. The Rajputs, in association with Kolis, Bhils, and such other castes and tribes, provide an extreme example of such castes. It is noteworthy that many of their names were based on names of places (region, town, or village): for example, Shrimali and Mewada on the Shrimal and Mewar regions in Rajasthan, Modh on Modhera town in north Gujarat, and Khedawal on Kheda town in central Gujarat. Both Borradaile and Campbell were probably mixing up small endogamous units of various kinds. In the second-order divisions of the Vanias the small endogamous units functioned more effectively and lasted longer: although the hypergamous tendency did exist particularly between the rural and the urban sections in a unit, it had restricted play. There is enormous literature on these caste divisions from about the middle of the 19th century which includes census reports, gazetteers, castes-and- tribes volumes, ethnographic notes and monographs and scholarly treatises such as those by Baines, Blunt, Ghurye, Hocart, Hutton, Ibbet- son, OMalley, Risley, Senart, and others.
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