is lindane a severe marine pollutant

During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. Your browser does not support JavaScript. FDA-approved for the second-line treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs) and head lice. (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. Inhalation risk (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. Rest. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. 0000006477 00000 n (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. Ethyl-4-aminobenzoate. [29] Modern manufacturing standards for lindane involve the treatment and conversion of waste isomers to less toxic industrial chemicals, a process known as cracking.[26][29] Today, only a few production plants remain active worldwide to accommodate public health uses of lindane and declining agricultural needs. Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. (ii) At least 250 mm (9.8 inches) for marks applied to all other bulk packages. Rinse mouth. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. DEA methoxycinnamate. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. Cough. 0 Refer for medical attention. In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. In 2003, the FDA published a safety analysis of adverse events reported in association with the use of lindane medications received through its adverse event monitoring system (AERS database) between from 1974 through 2002. [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves. Nausea. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. WebLindane, a lipophilic pollutant, may be toxic to organisms. 0000006190 00000 n Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark shall be placed in association with the hazard warning labels required by subpart E of this part or, in the absence of any labels, in association with the marked proper shipping name. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. Physical State; Appearance The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. Samples of intestinal tissues were prepared in both control Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. Molecular mass: 290.8 Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. Reacts with bases. Effects of short-term exposure Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. Lindane persists in the environment and bioaccumulates as an organochlorine pesticide and can pose risks to ecological environments and human 0000003168 00000 n That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. Carefully collect remainder. Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. 0000002858 00000 n The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. [7] Worldwide, effective treatment options for the control of scabies and lice are relatively limited. [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. [15] Central nervous system stimulation ranging from dizziness to seizures, has also been reported; however, serious effects, like seizures, have almost always resulted from oral ingestion or misuse of medication (e.g., repeated treatments or prolonged applications). Well closed. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. This article wants to briefly summarise the 0000006227 00000 n Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. %%EOF [20] The majority of studies of the general population have also shown no association between serum or breast tissue levels of lindane and breast cancer. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. 0000001686 00000 n [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is [1] If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, (2) Be marked on each end and each side with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark if the packaging has a capacity of 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) or more. A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. 0000001244 00000 n WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. 0000001466 00000 n The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. 0000004014 00000 n [4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. The symbol and border must be black on a white or suitable contrasting background. Dizziness. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Fresh air, rest. $>. [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. Gyceril PABA. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. Abstract. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. xref This may result in convulsions. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. 104 0 obj <> endobj The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to [6] WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans Medical observation is indicated. [1][21] Similarly, no increased cancer risk was noted in a large epidemiologic study of lindane medications involving a 143,594-patient database with up to 21 years of follow up, which concluded that There is still no persuasive evidence from studies of humans that lindane, as ordinarily used clinically, is carcinogenic in humans. [22] WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). 0000003215 00000 n [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. 125 0 obj <>stream [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. Headache. A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. Formula: C6H6Cl6 WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. 0000050404 00000 n Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. (ii) 5 kg (11 pounds) or less net capacity for solids. [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. startxref WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. (see also Regulatory Status). Chemical dangers The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. Remove contaminated clothes. WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. 104 22 Find out more about the company LUMITOS and our team. 0000005726 00000 n Further see Ingestion. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) A review of the most serious cases described 15 deaths of which two were confirmed related to lindane misuse including a suicidal ingestion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. "[14], The most common side effects associated with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. [15] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Lindane has not been shown to alter immunocompetence in humans and is not considered to be genotoxic. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. trailer [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) with the financial assistance of the European Commission. 0000057176 00000 n [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. Tremor. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. The substance may cause long-term effects in the aquatic environment. Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. rollup transpile to es5, fred levine m fredric net worth, henman hill tickets 2022,

The Little Vampire Cast Then And Now, 189a 010 1b, Articles I