thompson submachine gun clones

By the time of the Battle of Blair Mountain, 37 had been acquired by the West Virginia state police and 56 were in the hands of coal companies and local law enforcement. Sharpe, Philip B. Magazines are held in place by an extension that fits into a cutout in the rifle so that there's no chance they'll loosen. Late M1s also had simplified fire control switches, also carried over to the M1A1. General Thompson's gun was about to face its greatest challenge. Once you understand the safety and magazine release, you'll find this plinker to be very intuitive to operate. ), The staff of Savage Arms looked for ways to simplify the M1928A1, and produced a prototype in February 1942, which was tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground in March 1942. The remainder found their way to the Irish Republican Army by way of Liverpool, England, and were used in the last month of the Irish War of Independence (191921). The Hellenic Armed Forces, gendarmerie and police units were equipped with Thompson submachine guns supplied by the British and later in the war by the United States. The British Army criticized "the [magazine's] excessive weight, [and] the rattling sound they made" and shipped thousands back to the U.S. in exchange for 20-round box magazines. With the full backing of Thompson, who had been instrumental in the original development of the .45 ACP and had overseen the development of the U.S. Model of 1911 pistol, the design team. Updates? Original U.S. WWII Thompson SMG Five Cell 20 Round Magazine Pouch: WWII Dated & Marked. It was made famous by gangsters during the Prohibition era of the 1920s and 1930s, and its $200 price tag was also the reason for the $200 tax stamp required under the National Firearms Act of 1934. Naturally, the furniture on these are shaped walnut. Jeff Bradley shows off the Modern Hunting Rifle (MHR) from Christensen Arms at SHOT Show 2023. Though the M3 was considerably cheaper to produce, at the end of World War II, the Thompson, with a total wartime production of over 1.5 million, outnumbered the M3/M3A1 submachine guns in service by nearly three to one. A number of Model 1919s were made without butt stocks, rear and front sights, but the final version closely resembled the later Model 1921. These guns were used during the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s. Auto Ordnance Thompson 1927A-1 Deluxe Carbine Rifle Price: $2,449.99 Barrel Length: 16.5 inch Total Length: 41 inch Weight: 9.5lb BUY NOW FROM OUR PARTNER Most of the best Tommy Guns are actually semi-auto rifles these days. For example, the receiver is made from aluminum, which means that there is considerable weight savings as compared to a similarly configured .45-caliber Tommy Gun. It helps to have the front, grooved vertical pistol grip that compliments the rear. An empty box was easy to reload with loose rounds. There is a large extractor and fixed ejector. The 1928A1 LTD is a civilian semi-automatic conversion by Luxembourg Defense Technology (LuxDefTec) in Luxembourg. The possession of any fully automatic firearm is prohibited in the UK by the Firearms Act 1968; prohibited firearms can be possessed on a section 5 certificate, but these are not issued for sporting purposes. [51] Thompsons were also given to the Royal Australian Air Force and Royal Australian Navy. In World War 2 the Tommy Gun as it was often known, was popular with soldiers as a relatively compact automatic weapon with a hard hitting .45 round. [25] Thompsons had also been widely used throughout China, where several Chinese warlords and their military factions running various parts of the fragmented country made purchases of the weapon, and subsequently produced many local copies. VIEW ALL. Military users of the M1928A1 units had complaints of the "L" 50-round drum magazine. See our article on the site about how to age them well. [60], During the Vietnam War, some South Vietnamese army units and defense militia were armed with Thompson submachine guns, and a few of these weapons were used by reconnaissance units, advisors, and other American troops. Army Ordnance approved adoption (as the M1) in April 1942. Thompson requested Payne to develop a method of reducing the cyclic rate of fire. It should come as no small comfort for any patriotic American to know that the countrys firearm industry is vibrant and productive, still faithfully serving the needs of armed citizens, law-enforcement officers and military personneljust as it has for more than two centuries. The bolt handle is positioned at the top of the receiver and the knurled knob has a cutout so it doesn't obscure the sights. From $44.95. [26], The Thompson was widely adopted by the U.S. armed forces during World War II, and was also used extensively by other Allied troops during the war. [31], In 1928, Federal Laboratories took over distribution of the weapon from Thompson's Auto Ordnance Corporation. ", The Machinist's Guide to the Thompson Submachine Gun, https://doi.org/10.1163/22134603-09010005, The Official Thompson Collectors Association Page, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thompson_submachine_gun&oldid=1152617586. The 1928 Thompson would be the last small arm adopted by the U.S. Army that used a year designation in the official nomenclature. The Thompson's . It's all about having fun - and what fun it is. We offer the same attention to craftsmanship today that made the original so highly regarded. In the early 2000s a bunch of Thompson parts kits came into the US, WW2 vintage lend-lease guns sent to Russia. Contact: Scottwerx, LLC, (818) 248-1139; www.1022fungun.com. And in California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland, even these high-capacity magazines are outlawed. With the lock mechanism engaged and the bolt held open, you can remove or insert either the stick or drum magazines - but there's a trick to that as well. The Thompson submachine gun, also known as the "Tommy gun," is one of the most iconic firearms of the 20th century. The layout and ergonomics of the Thompson submachine gun were also considered for the role of a Light Rifle before the adoption of the M1 Carbine. [67] For these reasons, the 20-round and later 30-round box magazines soon proved most popular with military users of the M1928A1, and drum compatibility was not included in the design of the wartime M1 and M1A1 models. After the demobilization of ELAS, an unspecified number of arms were not surrendered to the government but kept hidden, and were later used by the Democratic Army of Greece. Admin@SabreHQ.com Tel:1300 731 381 / 61 7 5530 5522. The Thompson sub-machine gun (the classic "Tommy Gun" associated with 1920s gangsters and 1940s grunts) is perhaps the most famous example, but the Uzi, MP5, and PPSh-41 also fall into this category. It became so prized that soldiers routinely picked up Thompson guns dropped by killed or wounded comrades. In New Guinea, the Thompson was the only submachine gun available to the Australian Army for most of the vital Kokoda Track campaign in 1942. [74], Some M1928A1 Thompsons were used by the French before and during the Battle of France (1940) under the designation "Pistolet-mitrailleur 11 mm 43 (C.45) M. 28 A1. [30] Its principal designers were Theodore H. Eickhoff, Oscar V. Payne, and George E. Goll. In 1939, Thompsons cost the government $209 apiece. In the Malayan Campaign, the Burma Campaign and the Pacific Theater, Lend-Lease-issue Thompsons were used by the British Army, Indian Army, Australian Army infantry and other Commonwealth forces. The Annihilator prototypes first were fed from a 20-round box magazine, but later, the 50- and 100-round drum magazine models were developed. Through Lend-Lease, the Soviet Union also received the Thompson, but due to a shortage of appropriate ammunition, its use was not widespread.[50]. The Navy Model 1928 has several names among collectors: the "Colt Overstamp", "1921 Overstamp", "28 Navy", or just "28N". All variants and modified versions of Thompson submachine guns (even semiautomatic-only versions) are prohibited by name in Canada, as part of Prohibited Weapons Order No. (In 1923, the Army had rejected the .45 RemingtonThompson, which had twice the energy of the .45 ACP). Payne then replaced the actuator with one that was heavier, and replaced the recoil spring with one that was stiffer; the changes reduced the rate of fire from 800 to the 600rpm of the U.S. Navy Model 1928. The M1 reinforcing bolt and washer were carried over to the M1A1 and retrofitted to many of the M1928A1s in U.S. and British service. The Model 1927 was the open bolt semi-automatic version of the M1921. The first Thompson entered production as the M1921. [35] It was also sold to the United States Marine Corps, who used their Thompsons in the Banana Wars. It has been produced since 1999 by Kahr Arms of Worcester, Massachusetts. The Thompson submachine gun (also known as the "Tommy gun", "Chicago typewriter", "Chicago piano", "trench sweeper", or "trench broom") is a blowback-operated, selective-fire submachine gun, invented by United States Army brigadier general John T. Thompson in 1918. Federal sales were then followed by sales to police departments in the US, as well as to various international armies and constabulary forces; chiefly in Central and South America. With the start of World War II, major contracts from several countries saved the manufacturer from bankruptcy. [52] The U.S. Marines also used the Thompson as a limited-issue weapon, especially during their later island assaults. Thompson submachine gun, byname Tommy gun, submachine gun patented in 1920 by its American designer, John T. Thompson. In wartime, it helped carry soldiers. A Swedish variant of the M1928A1, the Kulsprutepistol m/40 (submachine gun, model 40), served in the Swedish Army between 1940 and 1951. VIEW ALL. [42][43], In 1926, the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle brake) was offered as an attachment option for the Thompson. In addition, the gun performed better than most after exposure to rain, dirt, and mud.[36]. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Upon learning of the friction-delayed blowback firing action patented by John Bell Blish in 1915, Thompson, a U.S. Army ordnance officer, sought to incorporate that design into an effective trench sweeper weapon. 0. I wish they would charge more and make a little better product. The United Defense M42, sometimes known as the Marlin for the company that did the actual manufacturing, was an American submachine gun used during World War II. There is no drilling, and all machining, inletting and precise fitting has already been done. cyclic rate of fire and handling qualities. The look and feel are authentic, right down to the side bolt action. When the trigger is depressed, the bolt is released, traveling forward to chamber and simultaneously fire the first and subsequent rounds until either the trigger is released or the ammunition is exhausted. This means you have the option to read your magazine on most popular phones and tablets. Instead, the weapon, popularly dubbed the Tommy gun, became infamous during the U.S. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. (The last we checked, an M1928A1 or semiauto from Auto Ordnance averaged near 11 pounds. It was never adopted by any military force, and only a small number were produced. Ver 10 prototypes were similar in appearance to the later models, but without the rear sight and butt stock mounts. The Thompson can be fired from 20-round box mags, or 50- and 100-round drum magazines. In fact, the "Tommy Gun" was a favorite among early FBI agents as well. COMPANY NEWS. [71], The Model 1923 was a heavy submachine gun introduced to potentially expand the Auto-Ordnance product line and was demonstrated for the U.S. Army. April 4, 2023. [69], A .3006 variant was intended as a rival to the M1918 BAR. in Weimar Germany ISBN 0889353565, 9780889353565, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 09:24. .45, M1A1, could be produced in half the time of the M1928A1, and at a much lower cost. 562,511 were made. The Model 1927A3 is a semi-automatic, .22 caliber version of the Thompson produced by Auto-Ordnance in West Hurley. This is one of their Thompson clones; not, mind you, quite like a Thompson since the bolt handle is on the left side and the construction is substantially different. The Viet Cong liked the weapon and used both captured models as well as manufacturing their own copies in small jungle workshops.[61]. With huge numbers of guns available in army ordnance arsenals, the Thompson remained classed as Limited Standard or Substitute Standard long after the standardization of the M3/M3A1. The "Tommy's" Thompson. Even the well-made semi-automatic version by Auto Ordnance/Kahr Arms is illegal in some states, not to mention the cost of filling a 20-round stick magazine with .45 ACP ammunition. PO Box 72 Mudgeeraba QLD Australia 4213 [65] Compared to more modern submachine guns, the Thompson is quite heavy, weighing roughly the same as the contemporary M1 Garand semi-automatic rifle, and requires a lot of cleaning. The original Model 1928s were Model 1921s with weight added to the actuator, which slowed down the cyclic rate of fire, a United States Navy requirement. If you've ever shot an original "Tommy Gun" or owned one of Auto-Ordnance's M1927A1 semiautos, it could be argued that the best reason to own one that fires .22LR is that it doesn't require a fortune to shoot. It was produced from 1942 to 1943 by United Defense Supply Corp. for possible issue as a replacement for the Thompson submachine gun and was used by agents of the Office of Strategic . The Thompson was not found to be very effective in Ireland; having only caused serious casualties in 32 percent of the action in which it was used. The frame and receiver are milled from solid steel or aluminum, the wood is genuine American walnut, and the overall finish is a blued steel or black anodized aluminum. Moremon, John (2022). by R. Blake Stevens Collector Grade Publications (2004). Although the Model 1927 was semi-automatic only, it was easily converted to fully automatic by installing a full-auto Model 1921 fire control group (internal parts). In an attempt to expand interest and sales overseas, Auto-Ordnance entered into a partnership with and licensed the Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited (BSA) in England to produce a European model. The 30-round magazine became more common. The Thompson submachine gun needs no introduction to most firearm enthusiasts. This thing is just beautiful, well worth the money. To get started, click the link below to visit mymagnow.com and learn how to access your digital magazine. -. Now, you're ready to fire. While not a new model in the usual sense of incorporating major changes, in 1926 the Cutts Compensator (a muzzle brake) was offered as an option for the M1921; Thompsons with the compensator were cataloged as No. The U.S. Army adopted the Thompson submachine gun in 1928. They were then captured and used by the Khmer Rouge. Mar 17. These submachine guns were used to a limited extent by the Red Army. Still, not only did some U.S. soldiers have use of them in Vietnam, they encountered them as well. [26] This was the weapon Brigadier General Thompson demonstrated at Camp Perry in 1920. They soon discovered that the weapon was prone to jamming due to sand. Some Thompsons were built with a folding stock, similar to M1A1 Carbines used by Allied tank crews, drivers and paratroopers and submarine raiders.[75]. 21A at a reduced price of $175.00. The flip-up adjustable Lyman rear sight was replaced with a fixed L sight. Best 9mm AR Build Ever: New Frontier Armory's C-5 AR Uses MP5 Magazines. After the Ordnance Department's official adoption of the M3 submachine gun, Thompson production was scheduled to be concluded in July of 1943. Later M1 and M1A1 Thompsons averaged also 600rpm. The Sten and M3 are much better and cost nearly half as much. Everything else comes with the kit, including simple 10-step instructions and socket wrenches for tightening the replacement screws. The Thompson Submachine Gun entered production as the M1921 version, but the American military showed little interest. This is the most recognizable firearm in U.S. History! Nationalist China acquired a substantial number of Thompson guns for use against Japanese land forces. It had even cooler nicknames. It is now effectively impossible for a firearm of this type to be legally possessed by a member of the general public, except in certified deactivated condition or where specifically manufactured as a semi-automatic in caliber .22LR. Our M1 Thompson model is a .45 caliber semi-automatic replica of the most famous American submachine gun of World War II. By the time Thompsons prototype was completed, however, World War I had ended. Colt M1921AC Thompson with a 100-round drum magazine. If you're unfamiliar with the Tommy Gun's controls, take a few minutes to read the owner's manual. Omissions? 11, the Model 1919 takes the final appearance of the later Thompsons with the rear sights and butt stock. The FBI had also acquired Thompsons in 1933 following the Kansas City Massacre. Do Pistols Benefit From Popular Aftermarket Modifications? Military Police were fond of it, as were paratroopers, who "borrowed" Thompsons from members of mortar squads for use on patrols behind enemy lines. [44], A number of these guns were acquired by a construction company in Brazil,[who?] the least expensive real Thompsons cost 100 times as much and the Denix looks and feels like a brand new one! The 10/22s Thompson persona is heightened by Scottwerxs optional pseudo-stick and drum magazines, which affix to Rugers 10-round rotary mags. [66] The M1928A1 Thompson drum magazine was rather fragile, and cartridges tended to rattle inside it, producing unwanted noise. It was found that the only cartridge currently in service suitable for use with the new lock was the .45 ACP. Original U.S. WWII Thompson SMG Five Cell 20 Round Magazine Pouch: Unmarked. In the field, some soldiers would tape two "XX" magazines together, in what would be known as "jungle style", to quicken magazine changes. Shipping was fast and I was very please with how great good looks. In contrast, the "XX" twenty-round box magazine was light and compact. More than 1.5 million Thompson submachine guns were produced during World War II. So Craig Scott of La Crescenta, Calif., created a low-cost alternative in the form of The Squad Leader: a 6061 aircraft-grade aluminum and steel drop-in kit that transforms the ubiquitous Ruger 10/22 rifle into a semi-automatic .22 rimfire Thompson look-alike. Plans were made to begin tapering off production of the weapon. Because of their quality and craftsmanship, as well as their gangster-era and WWII connections, Thompsons are sought as collector's items. Thompson Magazine Thompson 45 ACP 50-Round Drum Steel Blue. The wood looks cheap and the metal looks fake. Denix M1928 Thompson Replica Submachine Gun $214.99 MSRP: $275.00 You save $60.01 Denix M1928 Thompson Replica Submachine Gun Denix (21 reviews) Write a Review SKU: 22-1092 UPC: 806481439014 Type: Non-Firing Replica Cannot Ship To: CT, IL (Chicago, Aurora), KS (Topeka), MN, NJ, NY, PA, PR, RI, WI 140 Quantity: SKU: 22-1092 UPC: 806481439014 Type: While other weapons had been developed shortly prior with similar objectives in mind, the Thompson was the first weapon to be labeled and marketed as a "submachine gun". The law also placed restrictions on the possession, transfer, and transport of the weapons. With a full magazine in place, you can pull back on the bolt handle and release to chamber a round. The gun, in a government approved semiautomatic conversion or clone, can legally be owned by hunters and sport shooters. ELAS was the strongest of the resistance forces during the period of Greek Resistance against the Germans and Italians and were supplied with arms from both the British and the United States. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/technology/Thompson-submachine-gun, Auto-Ordnance - The Thompson Submachine Gun, GlobalSecurity.org - Thompson submachine gun, Warfare History Network - The Thompson Gun's Curious History, from World War I to World War II. It was partially built, but never completely finished. I think Gen. Thompson would approve. Certain M1s had issues with high rate of fire climbing up to ~800 RPM. This Commercial Model features a 50 round removable drum and pistol fore grip, just like Capones soldiers would have used. Despite new U.S. contracts for Lend-Lease shipments abroad to China, France, and the United Kingdom, as well as the needs of American armed forces, only two factories supplied M1928A1 Thompsons during the early years of World War II. The Thompson guns used in the massacre are still being held by the Berrien County Sheriff's Department. Rotate the lever 90 degrees to the horizontal and the magazine slips to the left out of the gun. The Thompson was one of the earliest submachine guns to incorporate a double-column, staggered-feed box magazine design, which undoubtedly contributed to the gun's reputation for reliability. August 8, 2018. While this country may have moved past the periods of frontier expansion, Prohibition, as well as wars in Europe and the Pacific, these three new offerings from Standard Manufacturing still deserves a place in the heart of America's shooting public - and in your gun safe. The Thompson's design is actually comfortable and stable to shoot. Guns Listing ID: 407955The Auto-Ordnance Thompson 1927A1 is a semi-automatic rifle chambered in 45 ACP that comes standard with a 20-round stick magazine but it can accept stick or drum magazines of m .Click for more info Seller: Guns Dot Com Area Code: 866 $2,100.00 THOMPSON M1 Carbine GI#: 102229065 According to historian Peter Hart, "The Thompson remained a key part of both the Official IRA and Provisional IRA arsenals until well into the 1970s when it was superseded by the Armalite and the AK-47. There were fewer than 40 pre-production prototypes. The Judge has been promoted! However, due to unforeseen production delays and requests for modifications, the M3/M3A1 never replaced the Thompson, and purchases continued until February 1944. Wartime production variants had a fixed rear sight without the triangular sight guard wings and a non-ribbed barrel, both like those found on the M1/M1A1. [68] However, it was turned down without testing due to logistical problems. I was skeptical at first, because it's so inexpensive. The opposing Communist fighters of the Democratic Army of Greece were also using Thompson submachine guns, either captured from government forces or inherited from ELAS. Home Defense III $4K Guns & Gear Giveaway Click here to enter now. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. $64.99. They shipped their remaining stocks to arm the forces of Lon Nol's Khmer Republic in 1975. MAJOR STATISTICS OF THE WARTIME THOMPSON SMG, Rate of Fire: 700 - 800 rounds per minute, Feed System: 20 round stick mag, 30 round stick mag, 50 /100 round drum mag. John Taliaferro Thompson was born on Dec. 31, 1860, in Newport, Ky., to a military family. The rear sight almost doubles the 10/22s sight radius, increasing accuracy potential; I was bouncing tin cans at 100 yards. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. The Squad Leaders buttstock, pistol grip and fore-end are American walnut. As a long gun, it can be bought by hunters (even if it cannot be used to actually hunt for legal reasons). 0. or Best Offer +C $6.97 shipping. And although sometimes overshadowed by its G-man Model 1921 counterpart, it is the United States Submachine Gun, Cal. Robert "Bo" Ramsour II. Company News. [4], During the failed 1924 coup Estonian communists used Thompsons in an attempt to storm the Tallin barracks; meanwhile the MP 18 was used by the defenders. (2003). The plain Thompson (without the attachment) was designated No. From Bataan to the Kasserine Pass, and from Normandy to Okinawa, the "Tommy Gun . From $59.95. [77] The original Model 1927 is classified as a machine gun under the National Firearms Act of 1934 (a) by being "readily convertible" by swapping parts and (b) by a 1982 BATF ruling making all open bolt semi-automatic firearms manufactured after the date of this ruling classified as machine guns. Rate of fire was reduced to approximately 600700rpm. The M1A1 . Most of the ones you're going to see in the U.S. are modified clones designed to fire on a closed bolt to meet U.S. law, such as the Polish-made. $49.99. The Thompson (with one Type XX 20 round "stick" magazine) had been priced at $200 in 1921 (roughly equivalent to $3,038 in 2021). perfect! The Cutts compensator, barrel cooling fins, and Blish lock were omitted while the buttstock was permanently affixed. I Have This Old Gun: Colt Military 1908 Pocket Hammerless | An Official Journal Of The NRA, NRA Women | My Daughters First Custom 10/22 Rifle Build, 7 Simple Follow-Through Tips to Improve Your Accuracy (Right Now!) [35], The major initial complaints concerning the Thompson were its cumbersome weight, its inaccuracy at ranges over 50 yards (46m), and its lack of penetrating power using the .45 ACP cartridge. They are made from original 1928A1 guns of various appearance (with or without Cutt's compensator, ribbed or smooth barrels, adjustable or fixed sights), that were imported Lend-Lease guns from Russia. ", An M1928A1 with an unusual inline stock, modified with elevated sights to increase accuracy, also was produced. Models used in the Pacific by Australian troops had their sling swivels remounted on the left side to allow it to be fired more easily while prone. Bob Meinert, FN Marketing Director, introduces FN's first commercial pistol suppressor, the FN Rush 9Ti. Only the fully automatic version is a prohibited weapon. I am very pleased with my order. Like a lot of shooters, Ive always wanted to own a Tommy gun. It introduced a horizontal forearm, improved inline stock for accuracy, 14in (36cm) barrel, bipod, and bayonet lug. This model was designed to "sweep" trenches with bullets. "The Thompson Sub-Machine Gun (in Police Science)", "Sturmgewehr!" The box magazine tripped the bolt open lock when empty, facilitating magazine changes. Responding to a request for further simplification, the M1 was standardized in April 1942 as the United States Submachine Gun, Cal. The Colt Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company in Hartford, Connecticut was contracted by the Auto-Ordnance Corporation to manufacture the initial mass production of 15,000 Thompson Submachine Guns in 1920. Iannamico, Frank. What made the Thompson famous was its use by Prohibition-era criminals like Dillinger, Machine Gun Kelly, and Al Capone. The Annihilator, serial no. This functional non-firing replica is a Collectors Armoury exclusive product. (TM1) / 8 lbs. Where to Buy a Thompson Submachine Gun Replica 1. Predictably, Standard's 1922 worked with standard and high-velocity loads. Bill Vanderpool. Late production M1 stocks were fitted with reinforcing bolts and washers to prevent splitting of the stock where it attached to the receiver. The reinforced stock and protective sight wings were standard. [80]:Part 1.86[81]. Thanks guys. 7mm Remington Magnum vs. .270 Winchester: Tested and Compared, .224 Valkyrie Small Precision Rifle Cartridge: Everything You Need to Know, SCCY DVG-1 Sub-Compact Striker-Fired Pistol: Full Review, Buyer Beware: Buying 'Bargain' Guns Can Be Risky, SIG Sauer Custom Works P320 Spectre Comp Pistol: First Look, SIG Sauer Announces New P320-XTEN 10mm Pistol, SIG Sauer P322 Rimfire Pistol: First Look, Springfield Armory Hellion 5.56 NATO Bullpup Rifle: Tested. This military version of this model (item No. I was disappointed in this replica. It was also depicted in Hollywood films during this era, most notably regarding the St Valentine's Day Massacre. ice skating rink in mall charlotte nc, stuttgart city council, patrick falte parents,

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